将windows上的python脚本交叉编译成linux可执行文件

Question

我在 Windows 上使用 Python 创建了一个程序。你怎么把它变成Linux可执行文件？具体到 Linux Ubuntu 9.10。

Answer 1

天道，

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由于我通常在 Linux 机器上开发，所以当我需要 Windows 版本时，我经常使用 cx_freeze 来制作 Windows 二进制文件，但我也用它来制作 Linux 二进制文件，并且它运行得很好（它是多平台的，而 py2exe 不是）。就像 Eli 上面所说的那样，它并没有真正编译，只是将解释器、字节编译代码和所需的库捆绑到可执行文件中，但你会得到你想要的（在没有预安装 python 的机器上运行）。

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在 Linux 机器上安装 cx_freeze 后，您可以使用一些简单的东西来尝试它，比如这个虚拟代码，我将其保存为test.py：

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import time\n\nfor i in range(10):\n  print i\n  time.sleep(1)\n

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然后运行​​cxfreeze来生成二进制文件。输出将如下所示：

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$ cxfreeze test.py \ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cx_Freeze/bases/Console -> /home/claudio/dist/test\ncopying /usr/lib/libpython2.6.so.1.0 -> /home/claudio/dist/libpython2.6.so.1.0\nwriting zip file /home/claudio/dist/test\n\n  Name                      File\n  ----                      ----\nm StringIO                  \nm UserDict                  \nm __builtin__               \nm __main__                  test.py\nm _abcoll                   \nm _codecs                   \nm _codecs_cn                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.so\nm _codecs_hk                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.so\nm _codecs_iso2022           /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.so\nm _codecs_jp                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_jp.so\nm _codecs_kr                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_kr.so\nm _codecs_tw                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_tw.so\nm _functools                /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_functools.so\nm _locale                   /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_locale.so\nm _multibytecodec           /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_multibytecodec.so\nm _sre                      \nm _strptime                 /usr/lib/python2.6/_strptime.py\nm _struct                   /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_struct.so\nm _warnings                 \nm abc                       \nm array                     /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/array.so\nm base64                    \nm binascii                  /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/binascii.so\nm bz2                       /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/bz2.so\nm cStringIO                 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/cStringIO.so\nm calendar                  /usr/lib/python2.6/calendar.py\nm codecs                    \nm copy                      \nm copy_reg                  \nm cx_Freeze__init__         /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cx_Freeze/initscripts/Console.py\nm datetime                  /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/datetime.so\nm dummy_thread              /usr/lib/python2.6/dummy_thread.py\nP encodings                 \nm encodings.aliases         \nm encodings.ascii           \nm encodings.base64_codec    \nm encodings.big5            \nm encodings.big5hkscs       \nm encodings.bz2_codec       \nm encodings.charmap         \nm encodings.cp037           \nm encodings.cp1006          \nm encodings.cp1026          \nm encodings.cp1140          \nm encodings.cp1250          \nm encodings.cp1251          \nm encodings.cp1252          \nm encodings.cp1253          \nm encodings.cp1254          \nm encodings.cp1255          \nm encodings.cp1256          \nm encodings.cp1257          \nm encodings.cp1258          \nm encodings.cp424           \nm encodings.cp437           \nm encodings.cp500           \nm encodings.cp737           \nm encodings.cp775           \nm encodings.cp850           \nm encodings.cp852           \nm encodings.cp855           \nm encodings.cp856           \nm encodings.cp857           \nm encodings.cp860           \nm encodings.cp861           \nm encodings.cp862           \nm encodings.cp863           \nm encodings.cp864           \nm encodings.cp865           \nm encodings.cp866           \nm encodings.cp869           \nm encodings.cp874           \nm encodings.cp875           \nm encodings.cp932           \nm encodings.cp949           \nm encodings.cp950           \nm encodings.euc_jis_2004    \nm encodings.euc_jisx0213    \nm encodings.euc_jp          \nm encodings.euc_kr          \nm encodings.gb18030         \nm encodings.gb2312          \nm encodings.gbk             \nm encodings.hex_codec       \nm encodings.hp_roman8       \nm encodings.hz              \nm encodings.idna            \nm encodings.iso2022_jp      \nm encodings.iso2022_jp_1    \nm encodings.iso2022_jp_2    \nm encodings.iso2022_jp_2004 \nm encodings.iso2022_jp_3    \nm encodings.iso2022_jp_ext  \nm encodings.iso2022_kr      \nm encodings.iso8859_1       \nm encodings.iso8859_10      \nm encodings.iso8859_11      \nm encodings.iso8859_13      \nm encodings.iso8859_14      \nm encodings.iso8859_15      \nm encodings.iso8859_16      \nm encodings.iso8859_2       \nm encodings.iso8859_3       \nm encodings.iso8859_4       \nm encodings.iso8859_5       \nm encodings.iso8859_6       \nm encodings.iso8859_7       \nm encodings.iso8859_8       \nm encodings.iso8859_9       \nm encodings.johab           \nm encodings.koi8_r          \nm encodings.koi8_u          \nm encodings.latin_1         \nm encodings.mac_arabic      \nm encodings.mac_centeuro    \nm encodings.mac_croatian    \nm encodings.mac_cyrillic    \nm encodings.mac_farsi       \nm encodings.mac_greek       \nm encodings.mac_iceland     \nm encodings.mac_latin2      \nm encodings.mac_roman       \nm encodings.mac_romanian    \nm encodings.mac_turkish     \nm encodings.mbcs            \nm encodings.palmos          \nm encodings.ptcp154         \nm encodings.punycode        \nm encodings.quopri_codec    \nm encodings.raw_unicode_escape \nm encodings.rot_13          \nm encodings.shift_jis       \nm encodings.shift_jis_2004  \nm encodings.shift_jisx0213  \nm encodings.string_escape   \nm encodings.tis_620         \nm encodings.undefined       \nm encodings.unicode_escape  \nm encodings.unicode_internal \nm encodings.utf_16          \nm encodings.utf_16_be       \nm encodings.utf_16_le       \nm encodings.utf_32          \nm encodings.utf_32_be       \nm encodings.utf_32_le       \nm encodings.utf_7           \nm encodings.utf_8           \nm encodings.utf_8_sig       \nm encodings.uu_codec        \nm encodings.zlib_codec      \nm errno                     \nm functools                 /usr/lib/python2.6/functools.py\nm genericpath               \nm gettext                   /usr/lib/python2.6/gettext.py\nm imp                       \nm itertools                 /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/itertools.so\nm linecache                 \nm locale                    /usr/lib/python2.6/locale.py\nm operator                  /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/operator.so\nm optparse                  /usr/lib/python2.6/optparse.py\nm os                        \nm posix                     \nm posixpath                 \nm pwd                       \nm quopri                    \nm re                        /usr/lib/python2.6/re.py\nm repr                      \nm sre_compile               /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_compile.py\nm sre_constants             /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_constants.py\nm sre_parse                 /usr/lib/python2.6/sre_parse.py\nm stat                      \nm string                    /usr/lib/python2.6/string.py\nm stringprep                \nm strop                     /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/strop.so\nm struct                    \nm sys                       \nm textwrap                  /usr/lib/python2.6/textwrap.py\nm thread                    \nm time                      /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/time.so\nm token                     /usr/lib/python2.6/token.py\nm tokenize                  /usr/lib/python2.6/tokenize.py\nm traceback                 \nm types                     \nm unicodedata               /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/unicodedata.so\nm warnings                  \nm zipimport                 \nm zlib                      /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/zlib.so\n\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_cn.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_cn.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_hk.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_hk.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_iso2022.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_iso2022.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_jp.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_jp.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_kr.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_kr.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_codecs_tw.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_codecs_tw.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_functools.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_functools.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_locale.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_locale.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_multibytecodec.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_multibytecodec.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/_struct.so -> /home/claudio/dist/_struct.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/array.so -> /home/claudio/dist/array.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/binascii.so -> /home/claudio/dist/binascii.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/bz2.so -> /home/claudio/dist/bz2.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/cStringIO.so -> /home/claudio/dist/cStringIO.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/datetime.so -> /home/claudio/dist/datetime.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/itertools.so -> /home/claudio/dist/itertools.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/operator.so -> /home/claudio/dist/operator.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/strop.so -> /home/claudio/dist/strop.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/time.so -> /home/claudio/dist/time.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/unicodedata.so -> /home/claudio/dist/unicodedata.so\ncopying /usr/lib/python2.6/lib-dynload/zlib.so -> /home/claudio/dist/zlib.so\n

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请注意，对于较大的项目，您可能会收到“缺少模块”错误。如果您确定它们已安装，您可以使用--include-modules开关手动将它们指向 cx_freeze。请参阅cxfreeze --help获取完整帮助。

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您还可以创建一个setup.py文件，使“cxfreezing”类似于我们通常安装 python 包的方式，而不是直接从命令行执行。本文甚至针对wxPython项目执行了此操作，该项目可能与您的项目类似：\n cx_Freeze 教程 \xe2\x80\x93 构建二进制系列！

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