在Go中读取非UTF-8文本文件

Question

我需要读取以GBK编码的文本文件.Go编程语言中的标准库假定所有文本都以UTF-8编码.

如何读取其他编码中的文件？

Answer 1

以前(如旧答案中所述)这样做的"简单"方法涉及使用需要cgo并包装iconv库的第三方软件包.出于许多原因,这是不希望的.值得庆幸的是,现在已经有一段时间了,只使用Go Authors提供的软件包(不是在主要的软件包集合中,而是在Go Sub-Repositories中)提供了一个优秀的Go方式.

该golang.org/x/text/encoding包定义了可以转换为UTF-8或从UTF-8转换的通用字符编码的接口.在golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese子包提供GB18030,GBK和HZ-GB2312编码实现.

以下是读取和写入GBK编码文件的示例.需要注意的是,io.Reader和io.Writer做"对飞"的编码数据被读取/写入.

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "os"

    "golang.org/x/text/encoding/simplifiedchinese"
    "golang.org/x/text/transform"
)

// Encoding to use. Since this implements the encoding.Encoding
// interface from golang.org/x/text/encoding you can trivially
// change this out for any of the other implemented encoders,
// e.g. `traditionalchinese.Big5`, `charmap.Windows1252`,
// `korean.EUCKR`, etc.
var enc = simplifiedchinese.GBK

func main() {
    const filename = "example_GBK_file"
    exampleWriteGBK(filename)
    exampleReadGBK(filename)
}

func exampleReadGBK(filename string) {
    // Read UTF-8 from a GBK encoded file.
    f, err := os.Open(filename)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    r := transform.NewReader(f, enc.NewDecoder())

    // Read converted UTF-8 from `r` as needed.
    // As an example we'll read line-by-line showing what was read:
    sc := bufio.NewScanner(r)
    for sc.Scan() {
        fmt.Printf("Read line: %s\n", sc.Bytes())
    }
    if err = sc.Err(); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

func exampleWriteGBK(filename string) {
    // Write UTF-8 to a GBK encoded file.
    f, err := os.Create(filename)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    w := transform.NewWriter(f, enc.NewEncoder())

    // Write UTF-8 to `w` as desired.
    // As an example we'll write some text from the Wikipedia
    // GBK page that includes Chinese.
    _, err = fmt.Fprintln(w,
        `In 1995, China National Information Technology Standardization
Technical Committee set down the Chinese Internal Code Specification
(Chinese: ?????????GBK?; pinyin: Hànzì Nèim?
Kuòzh?n Gu?fàn (GBK)), Version 1.0, known as GBK 1.0, which is a
slight extension of Codepage 936. The newly added 95 characters were not
found in GB 13000.1-1993, and were provisionally assigned Unicode PUA
code points.`)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    if err = f.Close(); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

Answer 2

试试go-iconv.它包装iconv和实现io.Reader和io.Writer.

golang-china讨论组中的这条消息提到了一些go-iconv使用示例.