Geo*_*rge 19 python dialog tkinter tkmessagebox
我刚开始学习如何创建自定义弹出对话框; 事实证明,tkinter messagebox它真的很容易使用,但它也没有做太多.这是我尝试创建一个对话框,该对话框将接受输入,然后将其存储在用户名中.
我的问题是实现这个的推荐方式是什么？正如布莱恩·奥克利在这篇评论中所说.
我建议不要使用全局变量.不要让对话框自行销毁,而是让它只销毁实际的小部件,但让对象保持活着状态.然后,调用像
inputDialog.get_string(),然后del inputDialog从你的主要逻辑.
也许使用全局变量来返回我的字符串不是最好的主意,但为什么呢？建议的方式是什么？我感到困惑,因为一旦窗口被破坏,我不知道如何触发getstring,并且......关于破坏实际小部件的线,我不确定他是否指的是TopLevel.
我问的原因是因为我想按下提交按钮后弹出框被销毁; 因为毕竟,我希望它恢复到主程序,更新一些东西等等.send在这种情况下按钮方法应该做什么？因为这个特定示例中的想法是允许用户一次又一次地执行它,如果他愿意的话.
import tkinter as tk
class MyDialog:
def __init__(self, parent):
top = self.top = tk.Toplevel(parent)
self.myLabel = tk.Label(top, text='Enter your username below')
self.myLabel.pack()
self.myEntryBox = tk.Entry(top)
self.myEntryBox.pack()
self.mySubmitButton = tk.Button(top, text='Submit', command=self.send)
self.mySubmitButton.pack()
def send(self):
global username
username = self.myEntryBox.get()
self.top.destroy()
def onClick():
inputDialog = MyDialog(root)
root.wait_window(inputDialog.top)
print('Username: ', username)
username = 'Empty'
root = tk.Tk()
mainLabel = tk.Label(root, text='Example for pop up input box')
mainLabel.pack()
mainButton = tk.Button(root, text='Click me', command=onClick)
mainButton.pack()
root.mainloop()
Hon*_*Abe 32
在我想到的两个场景中,不需要使用全局语句.
在创建对话框实例时,可以通过传递字典和键来避免全局语句.然后可以使用lambda将字典和键与按钮的命令相关联.这会创建一个匿名函数,在按下按钮时将执行函数调用(使用args).
每次创建对话框的实例时,都可以通过将父级绑定到类属性(本例中为root)来避免传递父级.
您可以将以下保存为mbox.py中your_python_folder\Lib\site-packages或在同一文件夹作为您的主要GUI的文件.
import tkinter
class Mbox(object):
root = None
def __init__(self, msg, dict_key=None):
"""
msg = <str> the message to be displayed
dict_key = <sequence> (dictionary, key) to associate with user input
(providing a sequence for dict_key creates an entry for user input)
"""
tki = tkinter
self.top = tki.Toplevel(Mbox.root)
frm = tki.Frame(self.top, borderwidth=4, relief='ridge')
frm.pack(fill='both', expand=True)
label = tki.Label(frm, text=msg)
label.pack(padx=4, pady=4)
caller_wants_an_entry = dict_key is not None
if caller_wants_an_entry:
self.entry = tki.Entry(frm)
self.entry.pack(pady=4)
b_submit = tki.Button(frm, text='Submit')
b_submit['command'] = lambda: self.entry_to_dict(dict_key)
b_submit.pack()
b_cancel = tki.Button(frm, text='Cancel')
b_cancel['command'] = self.top.destroy
b_cancel.pack(padx=4, pady=4)
def entry_to_dict(self, dict_key):
data = self.entry.get()
if data:
d, key = dict_key
d[key] = data
self.top.destroy()
你可以看到,在继承顶层和tkSimpleDialog(在PY3 tkinter.simpledialog)的例子effbot.
值得注意的是,在此示例中,ttk小部件可与tkinter小部件互换.
要准确居中对话框,请阅读→ 此.
使用示例:
import tkinter
import mbox
root = tkinter.Tk()
Mbox = mbox.Mbox
Mbox.root = root
D = {'user':'Bob'}
b_login = tkinter.Button(root, text='Log in')
b_login['command'] = lambda: Mbox('Name?', (D, 'user'))
b_login.pack()
b_loggedin = tkinter.Button(root, text='Current User')
b_loggedin['command'] = lambda: Mbox(D['user'])
b_loggedin.pack()
root.mainloop()
创建一个包含对话框类的模块(此处为MessageBox).此外,包括一个创建该类实例的函数,最后返回按下的按钮的值(或Entry小部件中的数据).
这是一个完整的模块,您可以借助这些参考资料自定义:NMTech和Effbot.
将下面的代码mbox.py中your_python_folder\Lib\site-packages
import tkinter
class MessageBox(object):
def __init__(self, msg, b1, b2, frame, t, entry):
root = self.root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title('Message')
self.msg = str(msg)
# ctrl+c to copy self.msg
root.bind('<Control-c>', func=self.to_clip)
# remove the outer frame if frame=False
if not frame: root.overrideredirect(True)
# default values for the buttons to return
self.b1_return = True
self.b2_return = False
# if b1 or b2 is a tuple unpack into the button text & return value
if isinstance(b1, tuple): b1, self.b1_return = b1
if isinstance(b2, tuple): b2, self.b2_return = b2
# main frame
frm_1 = tkinter.Frame(root)
frm_1.pack(ipadx=2, ipady=2)
# the message
message = tkinter.Label(frm_1, text=self.msg)
message.pack(padx=8, pady=8)
# if entry=True create and set focus
if entry:
self.entry = tkinter.Entry(frm_1)
self.entry.pack()
self.entry.focus_set()
# button frame
frm_2 = tkinter.Frame(frm_1)
frm_2.pack(padx=4, pady=4)
# buttons
btn_1 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b1)
btn_1['command'] = self.b1_action
btn_1.pack(side='left')
if not entry: btn_1.focus_set()
btn_2 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b2)
btn_2['command'] = self.b2_action
btn_2.pack(side='left')
# the enter button will trigger the focused button's action
btn_1.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b1_action)
btn_2.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b2_action)
# roughly center the box on screen
# for accuracy see: https://stackoverflow.com/a/10018670/1217270
root.update_idletasks()
xp = (root.winfo_screenwidth() // 2) - (root.winfo_width() // 2)
yp = (root.winfo_screenheight() // 2) - (root.winfo_height() // 2)
geom = (root.winfo_width(), root.winfo_height(), xp, yp)
root.geometry('{0}x{1}+{2}+{3}'.format(*geom))
# call self.close_mod when the close button is pressed
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close_mod)
# a trick to activate the window (on windows 7)
root.deiconify()
# if t is specified: call time_out after t seconds
if t: root.after(int(t*1000), func=self.time_out)
def b1_action(self, event=None):
try: x = self.entry.get()
except AttributeError:
self.returning = self.b1_return
self.root.quit()
else:
if x:
self.returning = x
self.root.quit()
def b2_action(self, event=None):
self.returning = self.b2_return
self.root.quit()
# remove this function and the call to protocol
# then the close button will act normally
def close_mod(self):
pass
def time_out(self):
try: x = self.entry.get()
except AttributeError: self.returning = None
else: self.returning = x
finally: self.root.quit()
def to_clip(self, event=None):
self.root.clipboard_clear()
self.root.clipboard_append(self.msg)
和:
def mbox(msg, b1='OK', b2='Cancel', frame=True, t=False, entry=False):
"""Create an instance of MessageBox, and get data back from the user.
msg = string to be displayed
b1 = text for left button, or a tuple (<text for button>, <to return on press>)
b2 = text for right button, or a tuple (<text for button>, <to return on press>)
frame = include a standard outerframe: True or False
t = time in seconds (int or float) until the msgbox automatically closes
entry = include an entry widget that will have its contents returned: True or False
"""
msgbox = MessageBox(msg, b1, b2, frame, t, entry)
msgbox.root.mainloop()
# the function pauses here until the mainloop is quit
msgbox.root.destroy()
return msgbox.returning
在mbox创建MessageBox的一个实例之后,它启动了mainloop,
它有效地停止了那里的函数,直到mainloop退出root.quit().
然后mbox函数可以访问msgbox.returning并返回其值.
例:
user = {}
mbox('starting in 1 second...', t=1)
user['name'] = mbox('name?', entry=True)
if user['name']:
user['sex'] = mbox('male or female?', ('male', 'm'), ('female', 'f'))
mbox(user, frame=False)
由于没有销毁对象inputDialog,我能够访问对象属性.我添加了返回字符串作为属性:
import tkinter as tk
class MyDialog:
def __init__(self, parent):
top = self.top = tk.Toplevel(parent)
self.myLabel = tk.Label(top, text='Enter your username below')
self.myLabel.pack()
self.myEntryBox = tk.Entry(top)
self.myEntryBox.pack()
self.mySubmitButton = tk.Button(top, text='Submit', command=self.send)
self.mySubmitButton.pack()
def send(self):
self.username = self.myEntryBox.get()
self.top.destroy()
def onClick():
inputDialog = MyDialog(root)
root.wait_window(inputDialog.top)
print('Username: ', inputDialog.username)
root = tk.Tk()
mainLabel = tk.Label(root, text='Example for pop up input box')
mainLabel.pack()
mainButton = tk.Button(root, text='Click me', command=onClick)
mainButton.pack()
root.mainloop()
小智 6
我使用了Honest Abe 的第二部分代码，标题为：
编写一个对话框，无需主 GUI 即可导入使用
作为模板并进行了一些修改。我需要一个组合框而不是条目，所以我也实现了它。如果您需要其他东西，它应该很容易修改。
以下是改动
已移除
以下内容作为mbox.py中your_python_folder\Lib\site-packages或在同一文件夹作为您的主要GUI的文件。
import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk as ttk
class MessageBox(object):
def __init__(self, msg, b1, b2, parent, cbo, cboList):
root = self.root = tkinter.Toplevel(parent)
root.title('Choose')
root.geometry('100x100')
root.resizable(False, False)
root.grab_set() # modal
self.msg = str(msg)
self.b1_return = True
self.b2_return = False
# if b1 or b2 is a tuple unpack into the button text & return value
if isinstance(b1, tuple): b1, self.b1_return = b1
if isinstance(b2, tuple): b2, self.b2_return = b2
# main frame
frm_1 = tkinter.Frame(root)
frm_1.pack(ipadx=2, ipady=2)
# the message
message = tkinter.Label(frm_1, text=self.msg)
if cbo: message.pack(padx=8, pady=8)
else: message.pack(padx=8, pady=20)
# if entry=True create and set focus
if cbo:
self.cbo = ttk.Combobox(frm_1, state="readonly", justify="center", values= cboList)
self.cbo.pack()
self.cbo.focus_set()
self.cbo.current(0)
# button frame
frm_2 = tkinter.Frame(frm_1)
frm_2.pack(padx=4, pady=4)
# buttons
btn_1 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b1)
btn_1['command'] = self.b1_action
if cbo: btn_1.pack(side='left', padx=5)
else: btn_1.pack(side='left', padx=10)
if not cbo: btn_1.focus_set()
btn_2 = tkinter.Button(frm_2, width=8, text=b2)
btn_2['command'] = self.b2_action
if cbo: btn_2.pack(side='left', padx=5)
else: btn_2.pack(side='left', padx=10)
# the enter button will trigger the focused button's action
btn_1.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b1_action)
btn_2.bind('<KeyPress-Return>', func=self.b2_action)
# roughly center the box on screen
# for accuracy see: /sf/answers/701306931/
root.update_idletasks()
root.geometry("210x110+%d+%d" % (parent.winfo_rootx()+7,
parent.winfo_rooty()+70))
root.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.close_mod)
# a trick to activate the window (on windows 7)
root.deiconify()
def b1_action(self, event=None):
try: x = self.cbo.get()
except AttributeError:
self.returning = self.b1_return
self.root.quit()
else:
if x:
self.returning = x
self.root.quit()
def b2_action(self, event=None):
self.returning = self.b2_return
self.root.quit()
def close_mod(self):
# top right corner cross click: return value ;`x`;
# we need to send it a value, otherwise there will be an exception when closing parent window
self.returning = ";`x`;"
self.root.quit()
它应该快速且易于使用。下面是一个例子：
from mbox import MessageBox
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
def mbox(msg, b1, b2, parent, cbo=False, cboList=[]):
msgbox = MessageBox(msg, b1, b2, parent, cbo, cboList)
msgbox.root.mainloop()
msgbox.root.destroy()
return msgbox.returning
prompt = {}
# it will only show 2 buttons & 1 label if (cbo and cboList) aren't provided
# click on 'x' will return ;`x`;
prompt['answer'] = mbox('Do you want to go?', ('Go', 'go'), ('Cancel', 'cancel'), root)
ans = prompt['answer']
print(ans)
if ans == 'go':
# do stuff
pass
else:
# do stuff
pass
allowedItems = ['phone','laptop','battery']
prompt['answer'] = mbox('Select product to take', ('Take', 'take'), ('Cancel', 'cancel'), root, cbo=True, cboList=allowedItems)
ans = prompt['answer']
print(ans)
if (ans == 'phone'):
# do stuff
pass
elif (ans == 'laptop'):
# do stuff
pass
else:
# do stuff
pass
小智 6
您可以使用 simpledialog，而不是使用 messagebox。它也是 tkinter 的一部分。它就像一个模板，而不是完全定义你自己的类。simpledialog 解决了必须自己添加“确定”和“取消”按钮的问题。我自己也遇到过这个问题，java2s 有一个关于如何使用简单对话框制作自定义对话框的好例子。这是他们的两个文本字段和两个标签对话框的示例。不过它是 Python 2，所以你需要改变它。希望这可以帮助 ：）
from Tkinter import *
import tkSimpleDialog
class MyDialog(tkSimpleDialog.Dialog):
def body(self, master):
Label(master, text="First:").grid(row=0)
Label(master, text="Second:").grid(row=1)
self.e1 = Entry(master)
self.e2 = Entry(master)
self.e1.grid(row=0, column=1)
self.e2.grid(row=1, column=1)
return self.e1 # initial focus
def apply(self):
first = self.e1.get()
second = self.e2.get()
print first, second
root = Tk()
d = MyDialog(root)
print d.result
来源：http : //www.java2s.com/Code/Python/GUI-Tk/Asimpledialogwithtwolabelsandtwotextfields.htm