Rails 3.2,FATAL:用户的对等身份验证失败(PG ::错误)

Question

我在Ubuntu 11.10和RubyMine上运行我的开发

这是我对database.yml的开发设置:RubyMine为我创建的

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: mydb_development
  pool: 5
  username: myuser
  password:

当我尝试运行应用程序时,我在下面收到此错误,似乎我还没有创建"项目"用户,但是,我如何创建用户并在postgres中为其授予数据库？如果这是问题,那么,在Ubuntu中为此任务使用的推荐工具是什么？如果这不是问题,那么,请指教.

Exiting
/home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1194:in `initialize': FATAL:  Peer authentication failed for user "project" (PG::Error)
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1194:in `new'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:1194:in `connect'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:329:in `initialize'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:28:in `new'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:28:in `postgresql_connection'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:303:in `new_connection'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:313:in `checkout_new_connection'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:237:in `block (2 levels) in checkout'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:232:in `loop'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:232:in `block in checkout'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.3-p0/lib/ruby/1.9.1/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:229:in `checkout'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:95:in `connection'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:398:in `retrieve_connection'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:168:in `retrieve_connection'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_specification.rb:142:in `connection'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb:308:in `clear_cache!'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activerecord-3.2.3/lib/active_record/railtie.rb:91:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Railtie>'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:418:in `_run__757346023__prepare__404863399__callbacks'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `__run_callback'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:385:in `_run_prepare_callbacks'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/actionpack-3.2.3/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:74:in `prepare!'
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    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:47:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run'
    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers'
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    from /home/sam/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p0@project/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing'
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Process finished with exit code 1

Answer 1

如果您在服务器上安装了postresql,那么只需托管:localhost到database.yml,我通常会将它放在它所说的pool周围:5.否则如果不是localhost肯定告诉应用程序在哪里找到它的数据库.

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: kickrstack_development
  host: localhost
  pool: 5
  username: kickrstack
  password: secret

通过创建数据库并为应用程序的用户分配所有权以建立连接,确保正确设置了用户凭据.要在postgresql 9中创建新用户,请运行:

sudo -u postgres psql

如果你没有设置postgresql用户密码,它只是反斜杠密码.

postgres=# \password

创建新用户和密码以及用户的新数据库:

postgres=# create user "guy_on_stackoverflow" with password 'keepitonthedl';
postgres=# create database "dcaclab_development" owner "guy_on_stackoverflow"; 

现在,在确认创建数据库,用户,密码并设置这些权限后,请更新database.yml文件.不要忘记host:localhost.

Answer 2

这是让你的rails应用程序在Ubuntu 13.10 的开发环境中使用postgres最简单的方法.

1)在Gemfile中使用postgres YAML和'pg'gem创建rails应用程序:

$ rails new my_application -d postgresql

2)给它一些CRUD功能.如果您只是看到postgres是否有效,请创建一个脚手架:

$ rails g scaffold cats name:string age:integer colour:string

3)从rails 4.0.1该-d postgresql选项开始生成不包含主机参数的YAML.我发现我需要这个.编辑开发部分并创建以下参数:

encoding: UTF-8
host: localhost
database: my_application_development
username: thisismynewusername
password: thisismynewpassword 

请注意,该database参数适用于尚未退出的数据库,而且是username和password不存在的角色的凭据.我们稍后会创建它们!

这是config/database.yml应该怎么看(在copypasting中没有羞耻:D):

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  pool: 5
  # these are our new parameters
  encoding: UTF-8
  database: my_application_development
  host: localhost
  username: thisismynewusername
  password: thisismynewpassword

test:
  # this won't work 
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: my_application_test
  pool: 5
  username: my_application
  password:

production:
  # this won't work 
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  database: my_application_production
  pool: 5
  username: my_application
  password:

4)使用以下命令启动postgres shell:

$ psql

4a)如果您当前的用户(如在您的计算机用户中)没有相应的管理postgres角色,则可能会出现此错误.

psql: FATAL:  role "your_username" does not exist

现在我只安装了一次postgres,所以我可能在这里错了,但我认为postgres会自动创建一个管理角色,其凭据与你安装postgres的用户相同.

4b)所以这意味着您需要更改为安装postgres的用户以使用psql命令并启动shell:

$ sudo su postgres

然后运行

$ psql

5)你会知道你在postgres shell中因为你的终端看起来像这样:

$ psql
psql (9.1.10)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# 

6)使用PostgreSQL的语法,让我们创建我们指定的用户config/database.yml的发展部分:

postgres=# CREATE ROLE thisismynewusername WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'thisismynewpassword';

现在,这里有一些细微之处,让我们来看看它们.

• 该角色的用户名,thisismynewusername,没有周围有任何形式的报价
• 在WITH之后指定关键字LOGIN.如果不这样做,仍将创建角色,但无法登录数据库!
• 角色的密码thisismynewpassword需要使用单引号.不是双引号.
• 在末尾添加一个半冒号;)

您应该在终端中看到这个:

postgres=#
CREATE ROLE
postgres=#

这意味着,"ROLE CREATED",但postgres'警报似乎采用了与git hub相同的命令式约定.

7)现在,仍然在postgres shell中,我们需要使用我们在YAML中设置的名称创建数据库.让我们在步骤6中创建的用户成为其所有者:

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE my_application_development OWNER thisismynewusername;

你会知道你是否成功,因为你会得到输出:

CREATE DATABASE

8)退出postgres shell:

\q

9)现在是真相的时刻:

$ RAILS_ENV=development rake db:migrate

如果你得到这个:

==  CreateCats: migrating =================================================
-- create_table(:cats)
   -> 0.0028s
==  CreateCats: migrated (0.0028s) ========================================

恭喜,postgres与您的应用程序完美配合.

9a)在我的本地计算机上,我一直收到权限错误.我不记得确切,但这是一个错误

Can't access the files. Change permissions to 666.

虽然我建议非常仔细地考虑在生产机器上递归设置写入特权,在本地,我给了我的整个应用程序读写权限,如下所示:

9b)爬上一个目录级别:

$ cd ..

9c)将my_application目录及其所有内容的权限设置为666:

$ chmod -R 0666 my_application

9d)再次运行迁移:

$ RAILS_ENV=development rake db:migrate

==  CreateCats: migrating =================================================
-- create_table(:cats)
   -> 0.0028s
==  CreateCats: migrated (0.0028s) ========================================

如果你搞砸了一些提示和技巧

在重新启动所有这些步骤之前尝试这些:

mynewusername用户没有CRUD到my_app_development数据库的权限？删除数据库并使用mynewusername作为所有者再次创建它:

1)启动postgres shell:

$ psql

2)删除my_app_development数据库.小心!丢弃意味着彻底删除!

postgres=# DROP DATABASE my_app_development;

3)重新创建另一个my_app_development并使mynewusername成为所有者:

postgres=# CREATE DATABASE my_application_development OWNER mynewusername;

4)退出shell:

postgres=# \q

该mynewusername用户不能登录到数据库？认为您在YAML中写了错误的密码,并且不记得您使用postgres shell输入的密码？只需使用YAML密码更改角色:

1)打开你的YAML,并将密码复制到剪贴板:

 development:
      adapter: postgresql
      pool: 5
      # these are our new parameters
      encoding: UTF-8
      database: my_application_development
      host: localhost
      username: thisismynewusername
      password: musthavebeenverydrunkwheniwrotethis

2)启动postgres shell:

$ psql    

3)更新mynewusername密码.粘贴密码,并记住在其周围放置单引号:

postgres=# ALTER ROLE mynewusername PASSWORD `musthavebeenverydrunkwheniwrotethis`;

4)退出shell:

postgres=# \q

试图通过数据库查看器(如Dbeaver)连接到localhost,并且不知道你的postgres用户的密码是什么？像这样改变它:

1)passwd以超级用户身份运行:

$ sudo passwd postgres

2)输入您的帐户密码sudo(与postgres无关):

[sudo] password for starkers: myaccountpassword

3)创建postgres帐户的新密码:

Enter new UNIX password: databasesarefun
Retype new UNIX password: databasesarefun
passwd: password updated successfully

收到此错误消息？:

Run `$ bin/rake db:create db:migrate` to create your database
$ rake db:create db:migrate
PG::InsufficientPrivilege: ERROR:  permission denied to create database

4)您需要为您的用户提供创建数据库的能力.从psql shell:

ALTER ROLE thisismynewusername WITH CREATEDB

Answer 3

永久解决方案:

问题在于你的pg_hba.这一行:

local   all             postgres                                peer

应该

local   all             postgres                                md5

然后在更改此文件后重新启动postgresql服务器.

如果你在Linux上,命令就是

sudo service postgresql restart

Answer 4

我在Ubuntu机器上面临同样的问题,所以我按照一些步骤删除了这个错误.切换到postgres用户

postgres

它会要求输入密码,默认密码为 postgres user

将用户切换到postgres后,打开psql控制台

$ sudo su - postgres

所以如果有多个版本可用,请检查postgres的版本

$ psql

现在打开 9.1

postgres

postgres user 是版本返回表单上部命令

并替换

psql=# select VERSION();

PostgreSQL 9.1.13 on x86_64-unk....         # so version is 9.1

至

vim /etc/postgresql/9.1/main/pg_hba.conf

9.1

我也在博客上写了一些步骤

http://tarungarg402.blogspot.in/2014/10/set-up-postgresql-on-ubuntu.html

Answer 5

您可以转到/var/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf文件并添加信任代替Ident它对我有用.

local   all all trust
host    all 127.0.0.1/32    trust

有关详细信息,请参阅此问题. 对用户身份验证失败

Answer 6

添加host: localhost对我来说是神奇的

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  database: database_name_here
  host: localhost
  username: user_name_here