MD5Sum算法如何工作?

Twi*_*day 33 md5

Md5sum用于检查说ubuntu的iso映像的完整性.它是如何工作的?

def*_*nes 40

Message Digest 5或MD5算法,它是一种单向加密哈希函数.MD5对"消息"(二进制数据,例如iso映像)执行许多二进制操作,以计算128位"散列".

检查下载的软件包(如ubuntu)的完整性很有用,因为如果软件包与经过身份验证的源完全相同,则生成MD5哈希将是相同的.如果下载中存在错误(来自网络干扰等),或者您下载的恶意软件包看起来像ubuntu但包含其他代码/什么,那么MD5将无法匹配,您会知道某些内容有所不同,你应该从不同的来源再次下载.

UPDATE

如果上面没有解释"它是如何工作"的,那么这就是我自己的MD5算法的javascript实现:

/**
 * JavaScript Class Implementation of RSA Data Security, Inc.
 * Message Digest 5 (MD5) Algorithm, as defined in RFC 1321.
 * 
 * @author    Dustin C. Fineout <dustin.fineout@gmail.com>
 * @created   10/10/2009 11:23:29 AM
 * @modified  10/10/2009 12:34:56 PM
 * @version   0.1 WORKING
**/

/**
 * Usage example:
 * var md5 = new MD5();
 * alert(md5.hash('Dustin Fineout')); // 8844be37f4e8b3973b48b95b0c69f0b1
**/
function MD5()
{
  this.F = function(x,y,z) { return (x & y) | ((~x) & z); };
  this.G = function(x,y,z) { return (x & z) | (y & (~z)); };
  this.H = function(x,y,z) { return (x ^ y ^ z); };
  this.I = function(x,y,z) { return (y ^ (x | (~z))); };
  this.C = function(q,a,b,x,s,ac) { return this.addu(this.rol(this.addu(this.addu(a,q),this.addu(x,ac)),s),b); };
  this.FF = function(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { return this.C((b & c) | ((~b) & d),a,b,x,s,ac); };
  this.GG = function(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { return this.C((b & d) | (c & (~d)),a,b,x,s,ac); };
  this.HH = function(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { return this.C(b ^ c ^ d,a,b,x,s,ac); };
  this.II = function(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) { return this.C(c ^ (b | (~d)),a,b,x,s,ac); };

  this.hash = function(message)
  {
    var xl,x=[],k,aa,bb,cc,dd,a=0x67452301,b=0xEFCDAB89,c=0x98BADCFE,d=0x10325476;
    x = this.convertToWordArray(this.utf8Encode(message));
    xl = x.length;
    for (var j = 0; j < xl; j += 16) {
      aa=a; bb=b; cc=c; dd=d;
      a=this.FF(a,b,c,d,x[j+0],7,0xD76AA478);
      d=this.FF(d,a,b,c,x[j+1],12,0xE8C7B756);
      c=this.FF(c,d,a,b,x[j+2],17,0x242070DB);
      b=this.FF(b,c,d,a,x[j+3],22,0xC1BDCEEE);
      a=this.FF(a,b,c,d,x[j+4],7,0xF57C0FAF);
      d=this.FF(d,a,b,c,x[j+5],12,0x4787C62A);
      c=this.FF(c,d,a,b,x[j+6],17,0xA8304613);
      b=this.FF(b,c,d,a,x[j+7],22,0xFD469501);
      a=this.FF(a,b,c,d,x[j+8],7,0x698098D8);
      d=this.FF(d,a,b,c,x[j+9],12,0x8B44F7AF);
      c=this.FF(c,d,a,b,x[j+10],17,0xFFFF5BB1);
      b=this.FF(b,c,d,a,x[j+11],22,0x895CD7BE);
      a=this.FF(a,b,c,d,x[j+12],7,0x6B901122);
      d=this.FF(d,a,b,c,x[j+13],12,0xFD987193);
      c=this.FF(c,d,a,b,x[j+14],17,0xA679438E);
      b=this.FF(b,c,d,a,x[j+15],22,0x49B40821);
      a=this.GG(a,b,c,d,x[j+1],5,0xF61E2562);
      d=this.GG(d,a,b,c,x[j+6],9,0xC040B340);
      c=this.GG(c,d,a,b,x[j+11],14,0x265E5A51);
      b=this.GG(b,c,d,a,x[j+0],20,0xE9B6C7AA);
      a=this.GG(a,b,c,d,x[j+5],5,0xD62F105D);
      d=this.GG(d,a,b,c,x[j+10],9,0x2441453);
      c=this.GG(c,d,a,b,x[j+15],14,0xD8A1E681);
      b=this.GG(b,c,d,a,x[j+4],20,0xE7D3FBC8);
      a=this.GG(a,b,c,d,x[j+9],5,0x21E1CDE6);
      d=this.GG(d,a,b,c,x[j+14],9,0xC33707D6);
      c=this.GG(c,d,a,b,x[j+3],14,0xF4D50D87);
      b=this.GG(b,c,d,a,x[j+8],20,0x455A14ED);
      a=this.GG(a,b,c,d,x[j+13],5,0xA9E3E905);
      d=this.GG(d,a,b,c,x[j+2],9,0xFCEFA3F8);
      c=this.GG(c,d,a,b,x[j+7],14,0x676F02D9);
      b=this.GG(b,c,d,a,x[j+12],20,0x8D2A4C8A);
      a=this.HH(a,b,c,d,x[j+5],4,0xFFFA3942);
      d=this.HH(d,a,b,c,x[j+8],11,0x8771F681);
      c=this.HH(c,d,a,b,x[j+11],16,0x6D9D6122);
      b=this.HH(b,c,d,a,x[j+14],23,0xFDE5380C);
      a=this.HH(a,b,c,d,x[j+1],4,0xA4BEEA44);
      d=this.HH(d,a,b,c,x[j+4],11,0x4BDECFA9);
      c=this.HH(c,d,a,b,x[j+7],16,0xF6BB4B60);
      b=this.HH(b,c,d,a,x[j+10],23,0xBEBFBC70);
      a=this.HH(a,b,c,d,x[j+13],4,0x289B7EC6);
      d=this.HH(d,a,b,c,x[j+0],11,0xEAA127FA);
      c=this.HH(c,d,a,b,x[j+3],16,0xD4EF3085);
      b=this.HH(b,c,d,a,x[j+6],23,0x4881D05);
      a=this.HH(a,b,c,d,x[j+9],4,0xD9D4D039);
      d=this.HH(d,a,b,c,x[j+12],11,0xE6DB99E5);
      c=this.HH(c,d,a,b,x[j+15],16,0x1FA27CF8);
      b=this.HH(b,c,d,a,x[j+2],23,0xC4AC5665);
      a=this.II(a,b,c,d,x[j+0],6,0xF4292244);
      d=this.II(d,a,b,c,x[j+7],10,0x432AFF97);
      c=this.II(c,d,a,b,x[j+14],15,0xAB9423A7);
      b=this.II(b,c,d,a,x[j+5],21,0xFC93A039);
      a=this.II(a,b,c,d,x[j+12],6,0x655B59C3);
      d=this.II(d,a,b,c,x[j+3],10,0x8F0CCC92);
      c=this.II(c,d,a,b,x[j+10],15,0xFFEFF47D);
      b=this.II(b,c,d,a,x[j+1],21,0x85845DD1);
      a=this.II(a,b,c,d,x[j+8],6,0x6FA87E4F);
      d=this.II(d,a,b,c,x[j+15],10,0xFE2CE6E0);
      c=this.II(c,d,a,b,x[j+6],15,0xA3014314);
      b=this.II(b,c,d,a,x[j+13],21,0x4E0811A1);
      a=this.II(a,b,c,d,x[j+4],6,0xF7537E82);
      d=this.II(d,a,b,c,x[j+11],10,0xBD3AF235);
      c=this.II(c,d,a,b,x[j+2],15,0x2AD7D2BB);
      b=this.II(b,c,d,a,x[j+9],21,0xEB86D391);
      a=this.addu(a,aa); b=this.addu(b,bb); c=this.addu(c,cc); d=this.addu(d,dd);
    }
    return (this.wordToHex(a)+this.wordToHex(b)+this.wordToHex(c)+this.wordToHex(d)).toLowerCase();
  };

  this.test = function()
  {
    if (this.hash('Dustin Fineout') == '8844be37f4e8b3973b48b95b0c69f0b1') {
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  };

  this.addu = function(x, y)
  {
    var ls = (x & 0xFFFF) + (y & 0xFFFF);
    return (((x >> 16) + (y >> 16) + (ls >> 16)) << 16) | (ls & 0xFFFF);
  };

  this.rol = function(v, s)
  {
    return (v << s) | (v >>> (32 - s));
  };

  this.utf8Encode = function(str)
  {
    return unescape(encodeURIComponent(str));
  };

  this.convertToWordArray = function(str)
  {
    var lWordCount;
    var lMessageLength = str.length;
    var lNumberOfWords_temp1=lMessageLength + 8;
    var lNumberOfWords_temp2=(lNumberOfWords_temp1-(lNumberOfWords_temp1 % 64))/64;
    var lNumberOfWords = (lNumberOfWords_temp2+1)*16;
    var lWordArray=new Array(lNumberOfWords-1);
    var lBytePosition = 0;
    var lByteCount = 0;
    while ( lByteCount < lMessageLength ) {
      lWordCount = (lByteCount-(lByteCount % 4))/4;
      lBytePosition = (lByteCount % 4)*8;
      lWordArray[lWordCount] = (lWordArray[lWordCount] | (str.charCodeAt(lByteCount)<<lBytePosition));
      lByteCount++;
    }
    lWordCount = (lByteCount-(lByteCount % 4))/4;
    lBytePosition = (lByteCount % 4)*8;
    lWordArray[lWordCount] = lWordArray[lWordCount] | (0x80<<lBytePosition);
    lWordArray[lNumberOfWords-2] = lMessageLength<<3;
    lWordArray[lNumberOfWords-1] = lMessageLength>>>29;
    return lWordArray;
  };

  this.wordToHex = function(lValue)
  {
    var wordToHexValue="",wordToHexValue_temp="",lByte,lCount;
    for (lCount = 0;lCount<=3;lCount++) {
      lByte = (lValue>>>(lCount*8)) & 255;
      wordToHexValue_temp = "0" + lByte.toString(16);
      wordToHexValue = wordToHexValue + wordToHexValue_temp.substr(wordToHexValue_temp.length-2,2);
    }
    return wordToHexValue;
  };
}
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我很乐意根据需要进行注释或扩展:)另外,请注意这不是我仍然用于JavaScript名称空间的单例模式 - 它实际上是我第一次尝试这样的模式:p有许多美味的单例模式可用来自Douglas Crockford.

  • 这真的回答了这个问题吗?它似乎没有解释MD5如何工作 (6认同)
  • 只是添加了一点点:MD5算法(实际上是大多数加密散列函数算法)的构造使得两个输入之间的一点差异也会导致散列函数输出发生巨大变化.此属性使得创建两个散列到同一输出的输入消息非常困难. (3认同)