通过函数分配数据(ANSI C)

Question

我想知道如何通过函数分配数据,并在返回函数后仍然分配数据.这适用于基本类型(int,char**)和用户定义类型.下面是两个代码片段.虽然在返回分配之后,两者都在函数内具有分配.

int* nCheck = NULL;
int nCount = 4;

CallIntAllocation(nCheck, nCount);

nCheck[1] = 3; // Not allocated!
...

CallIntAllocation(int* nCheck, int nCount)
{

    nCheck = (int*)malloc(nCount* sizeof(int));
    for (int j = 0; j < nCount; j++)
        nCheck[j] = 0;
}

对于用户定义的类型,与之前相同的行为:

typedef struct criteriatype
{
    char szCriterio[256];
    char szCriterioSpecific[256];
} _CriteriaType;

typedef struct criteria
{
    int nCount;
    char szType[128];
    _CriteriaType* CriteriaType;
} _Criteria;

...
_Criteria* Criteria;
AllocateCriteria(nTypes, nCriteria, Criteria);
...

void AllocateCriteria(int nTypes, int nCriteria[], _Criteria* Criteria)
{
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;

    Criteria = (_Criteria*)malloc(nTypes * sizeof(_Criteria));

    for (i = 0; i < nTypes; i ++)
    {
        // initalise FIRST the whole structure
        // OTHERWISE the allocation is gone
        memset(&Criteria[i],'\0',sizeof(_Criteria));

        // allocate CriteriaType
        Criteria[i].CriteriaType = (_CriteriaType*)malloc(nCriteria[i] * sizeof(_CriteriaType));

        // initalise them
        for (j = 0; j < nCriteria[i]; j ++)
            memset(&Criteria[i].CriteriaType[j],'\0',sizeof(_CriteriaType));


    }

}

有任何想法吗？我想我需要传递指针作为参考,虽然我怎么能这样做？

提前谢谢,防晒霜

Answer 1

使用退货？

Criteria *
newCriteria() {
   Criteria *criteria = malloc(..);
   ...
   return criteria;
}

/* the caller */
Criteria *c1 = newCriteria();
Criteria *c2 = newCriteria();

编辑

调用者负责调用free()