如何在Python中获取对当前模块属性的引用

Question

我想要做的就是在命令行中看起来像这样:

>>> import mymodule
>>> names = dir(mymodule)

我怎样才能获得中定义的所有名称引用mymodule从内部mymodule本身？

像这样的东西:

# mymodule.py
names = dir(__thismodule__)

Answer 1

如前所述,globals为您提供了一个字典而不是dir(),它为您提供了模块中定义的名称列表.我通常看到这样做的方式是这样的:

import sys
dir(sys.modules[__name__])

Answer 2

只需使用全局()

globals() - 返回表示当前全局符号表的字典.这始终是当前模块的字典(在函数或方法内部,这是定义它的模块,而不是调用它的模块).

http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#globals

Answer 3

也许现在回答已经晚了，但我自己并没有找到正确的答案。inspect.stack()python 中最接近和精确的解决方案（比 更快） 3.7.x：

# search for first module in the stack
stack_frame = inspect.currentframe()
while stack_frame:
  print('***', stack_frame.f_code.co_name, stack_frame.f_code.co_filename, stack_frame.f_lineno)
  if stack_frame.f_code.co_name == '<module>':
    if stack_frame.f_code.co_filename != '<stdin>':
      caller_module = inspect.getmodule(stack_frame)
    else:
      # piped or interactive import
      caller_module = sys.modules['__main__']
    if not caller_module is None:
      #... do something here ...
    break
  stack_frame = stack_frame.f_back

优点：

• 比方法更精确globals()。
• 不依赖于堆栈中间帧，可以通过挂钩或 3dparty 工具添加，例如pytest：

*** foo ... ..
*** boo ... ..
*** runtest c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\xonsh\pytest_plugin.py 58
*** pytest_runtest_call c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 125
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 201
*** from_call c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 229
*** call_runtest_hook c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 201
*** call_and_report c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 176
*** runtestprotocol c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 95
*** pytest_runtest_protocol c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 80
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** pytest_runtestloop c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 258
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** _main c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 237
*** wrap_session c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 193
*** pytest_cmdline_main c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 230
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** main c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\config\__init__.py 90
*** <module> c:\Python\x86\37\Scripts\pytest.exe\__main__.py 7

• 可以处理 python 管道或交互式会话。

缺点：

• 一种非常精确并且可以返回在可执行文件中注册的模块，例如这pytest.exe可能不是您想要的。
• inspect.getmodule根据挂钩，仍然可能在有效模块上返回 None

我有 python 的扩展： 如何导入给定完整​​路径的模块？

具有针对这种情况的包装函数的扩展：

*** foo ... ..
*** boo ... ..
*** runtest c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\xonsh\pytest_plugin.py 58
*** pytest_runtest_call c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 125
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 201
*** from_call c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 229
*** call_runtest_hook c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 201
*** call_and_report c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 176
*** runtestprotocol c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 95
*** pytest_runtest_protocol c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\runner.py 80
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** pytest_runtestloop c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 258
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** _main c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 237
*** wrap_session c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 193
*** pytest_cmdline_main c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\main.py 230
*** _multicall c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\callers.py 187
*** <lambda> c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 86
*** _hookexec c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\manager.py 92
*** __call__ c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\pluggy\hooks.py 286
*** main c:\python\x86\37\lib\site-packages\_pytest\config\__init__.py 90
*** <module> c:\Python\x86\37\Scripts\pytest.exe\__main__.py 7

您必须正确初始化扩展：

def tkl_get_stack_frame_module_by_offset(skip_stack_frames = 0, use_last_frame_on_out_of_stack = False):
  ...

def tkl_get_stack_frame_module_by_name(name = '<module>'):
  ...

Answer 4

另请查看内置检查模块.它可以非常方便.