为什么memory_order_relaxed和memory_order_seq_cst没有区别？

Question

我正在使用C++ Concurrency in Action中的一个示例,它std::memory_order_relaxed用于从5个不同的线程读取和写入3个原子变量.示例程序如下:

#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <iostream>

std::atomic<int> x(0);
std::atomic<int> y(0);
std::atomic<int> z(0);
std::atomic<bool> go(false);

const unsigned int loop_count = 10;

struct read_values
{
   int x;
   int y;
   int z;
};

read_values values1[loop_count];
read_values values2[loop_count];
read_values values3[loop_count];
read_values values4[loop_count];
read_values values5[loop_count];

void increment( std::atomic<int>* v, read_values* values )
{
    while (!go)
       std::this_thread::yield();

    for (unsigned i=0;i<loop_count;++i)
    {
       values[i].x=x.load( std::memory_order_relaxed );
       values[i].y=y.load( std::memory_order_relaxed );
       values[i].z=z.load( std::memory_order_relaxed );
       v->store( i+1, std::memory_order_relaxed );
       std::this_thread::yield();
    }
}

void read_vals( read_values* values )
{

   while (!go)
      std::this_thread::yield();

   for (unsigned i=0;i<loop_count;++i)
   {
      values[i].x=x.load( std::memory_order_relaxed );
      values[i].y=y.load( std::memory_order_relaxed );
      values[i].z=z.load( std::memory_order_relaxed );
      std::this_thread::yield();
   }
}

void print( read_values* values )
{
   for (unsigned i=0;i<loop_count;++i)
   {
      if (i)
         std::cout << ",";
      std::cout << "(" << values[i].x <<","
                       << values[i].y <<","
                       << values[i].z <<")";
   }
   std::cout << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
   std::thread t1( increment, &x, values1);
   std::thread t2( increment, &y, values2);
   std::thread t3( increment, &z, values3);
   std::thread t4( read_vals, values4);
   std::thread t5( read_vals, values5);

   go = true;

   t5.join();
   t4.join();
   t3.join();
   t2.join();
   t1.join();

   print( values1 );
   print( values2 );
   print( values3 );
   print( values4 );
   print( values5 );

   return 0;
}

每次运行程序时,我都得到完全相同的输出:

(0,10,10),(1,10,10),(2,10,10),(3,10,10),(4,10,10),(5,10,10),(6,10,10),(7,10,10),(8,10,10),(9,10,10)
(0,0,1),(0,1,2),(0,2,3),(0,3,4),(0,4,5),(0,5,6),(0,6,7),(0,7,8),(0,8,9),(0,9,10)
(0,0,0),(0,1,1),(0,2,2),(0,3,3),(0,4,4),(0,5,5),(0,6,6),(0,7,7),(0,8,8),(0,9,9)
(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0)
(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0),(0,0,0)

如果我从改变std::memory_order_relaxed到std::memory_order_seq_cst程序给出完全相同的输出!

我原本期望该程序的2个版本有不同的输出.为什么输出std::memory_order_relaxed和std::memory_order_seq_cst？之间没有区别？

为什么std::memory_order_relaxed 每次运行程序总会产生完全相同的结果？

我正在使用: - 32位Ubuntu作为虚拟机安装(在VMWare下) - 一个INtel四核处理器 - GCC 4.6.1-9

代码编译为:g ++ --std = c ++ 0x -g mem-order-relaxed.cpp -o relaxed -pthread

注意-pthread是必要的,否则下面的错误报告:终止抛出的一个实例后调用"的std :: SYSTEM_ERROR"什么():不允许操作

我看到的行为是由于缺乏对GCC的支持,还是由于在VMWare下运行？

Answer 1

您已为VM分配了多少个处理器核心？为VM分配多个核心,以利用并发性.