提高MySQL LIKE查询的速度？

Question

对于具有自动完成功能的机场输入字段,目前有一个包含机场描述的表格,autocomplete_airport:

lang | description (with INDEX)                           | ...
-----+----------------------------------------------------+----
pt   | New York - John F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos    | ...
pt   | Nova Iorque - John F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos | ...
...

自动完成功能适用于单个单词.因此,当用户输入"yor"时,则显示"new york"(如果在LIMIT中).查询目前的工作方式如下:

SELECT * FROM autocomplete_airport WHERE lang = "pt"
AND (description LIKE "%(yor)%"
     OR description LIKE "yor%"
     OR description LIKE "% yor%")
ORDER BY description
LIMIT 15

现在我想知道如何加快速度.一个想法是创建以下数据库结构,包括表autocomplete_airport和autocomplete_airport_word:

id   | lang | description (with INDEX)                           | ...
-----+------+----------------------------------------------------+----
123  | pt   | New York - John F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos    | ...
124  | pt   | Nova Iorque - John F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos | ...
...

word (with INDEX) | autocomplete_airport_id
------------------+------------------------
New               |                     123
York              |                     123
John              |                     123
F                 |                     123
Kennedy           |                     123
JFK               |                     123
...

那么SELECT只需要在字符串的开头搜索:

SELECT DISTINCT autocomplete_airport.*
FROM autocomplete_airport
INNER JOIN autocomplete_airport_word 
ON autocomplete_airport.id = autocomplete_airport_word.autocomplete_airport_id
WHERE lang = "pt"
AND word LIKE "yor%"
ORDER BY description
LIMIT 15

那个新结构值得吗？它会真的加快速度吗？有更简单的方法吗？

更新

只是注意到单词表有一个缺陷.结果:搜索"纽约"不会给出任何结果.应该做些什么:

term (with INDEX)                               | autocomplete_airport_id
------------------------------------------------+------------------------
New York - John F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos | 123
York - John F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos     | 123
John F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos            | 123
F Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos                 | 123
Kennedy (JFK), Estados Unidos                   | 123
(JFK), Estados Unidos                           | 123
Estados Unidos                                  | 123
Unidos                                          | 123
JFK                                             | 123

Answer 1

正如MartinK所说,如果你的表只有几百行,即使没有优化,你的查询也应该很快 - 值得检查一下发生了什么.

但是,搜索文本字段的最佳方法是使用全文索引(http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/fulltext-search.html) - 这是专为您的情况而设计的.重新描述.