在另一个线程(不是主线程)中创建窗口

Question

我有一个功能:

HWND createMainWindow(P2p_Socket_Machine * toSend){

    HWND hMainWnd = CreateWindow( 
        L"Class",/*(LPCWSTR) nameOfConference.c_str()*/L"Chat",  WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU, 
    CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, 600,400, 
    (HWND)NULL, (HMENU)NULL, 
    /*(HINSTANCE)hlnstance*/NULL, NULL 
    ); 

    if (!hMainWnd) { 
        MessageBox(NULL, L"Cannot create main window", L"Error", MB_OK); 
        return 0; 
    }

    CreateWindowA("LISTBOX",NULL, WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_BORDER|WS_VSCROLL|LBS_NOTIFY|LBS_MULTIPLESEL,310,30,255,275,hMainWnd,(HMENU)List_Box,NULL,NULL);

    CreateWindowExA(NULL,"BUTTON", "Refresh", WS_TABSTOP|WS_VISIBLE|WS_CHILD|BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,385,310,100,24,hMainWnd,(HMENU)Button_Refresh, NULL ,NULL);

    CreateWindowExA(NULL,"BUTTON", "Send", WS_TABSTOP|WS_VISIBLE|WS_CHILD|BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,385,334,100,24,hMainWnd,(HMENU)Button_Send, NULL ,NULL);

    CreateWindowExA(NULL,"BUTTON", "New", WS_TABSTOP|WS_VISIBLE|WS_CHILD|BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON,385,354,100,24,hMainWnd,(HMENU)Button_New, NULL ,NULL);

    CreateWindowA("EDIT",0,WS_BORDER|WS_VISIBLE|WS_CHILD|ES_LEFT|ES_MULTILINE|WS_VSCROLL|WS_DISABLED,
    10,30,265,275,hMainWnd,(HMENU)Text_Box_Get,NULL,NULL);

    CreateWindowA("EDIT",0,WS_BORDER|WS_VISIBLE|WS_CHILD|ES_LEFT|ES_MULTILINE|WS_VSCROLL,
    10,320,265,45,hMainWnd,(HMENU)Text_Box_Send,NULL,NULL);

    SetWindowLongPtr(hMainWnd,GWLP_USERDATA,(LONG_PTR)toSend);

    ShowWindow(hMainWnd, SW_SHOW); 
    //UpdateWindow(hMainWnd);

    return hMainWnd;

}

这是我的计划的主要部分:

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hlnstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR IpCmdLine, int 
nCmdShow) 
{
WNDCLASSEX wc; 
    wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc); 
    wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; 
    wc.lpfnWndProc = MyFunc; 
    wc.cbClsExtra = 0; 
    wc.cbWndExtra = 0; 
    wc.hInstance = hlnstance; 
    wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); 
    wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); 
    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; 
    wc.lpszClassName = L"Class"; 
    wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
HWND toSend = createMainWindow(P2pSocket);

//some code

hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ClientThread, 
            Message2, 0, &dwThreadId);

        if (hThread == NULL)
        {
            cout<<"Create thread filed";
            exit(10);
        }


    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { 

        TranslateMessage(&msg); 
        DispatchMessage(&msg);

    }

    return msg.wParam;   

当我在我的程序的主要部分调用函数createMainWindow()时,它可以正常工作,但是当我在我的线程(ClientThread)中运行它时它不起作用.我已经读过我应该只在主线程中创建窗口.这是真的吗？如果这是真的,那么从另一个thead中调用此函数的最简单方法是在主线程中完成？

---

感谢大家.现在我知道了问题,但我坚持使用解决方案.我的客户端线程代码是:

while(1){

    vector<HWND> AllHandlers;

    pair<string,string> Answer = Pointer->receiveMsgByUdp();

    if(!Pointer->isMyLocalAddress(Answer.first)){

        int type = messageUdpContentType(Answer.second);

        switch(type){

        case 0 :

            Pointer->sendMsgToIpUdp(Answer.first,"<?xml version='1.0'?><accepted/>");
            AllHandlers = getAllHandlersOfElementsOnWindowsByIdentityCode(Pointer->getAllHandlers(),List_Box);
            for(vector<HWND>::iterator j = AllHandlers.begin();j!=AllHandlers.end();j++)
                if(SendMessageA(*j, LB_FINDSTRINGEXACT, 0, (LPARAM)Answer.first.c_str())==LB_ERR)
                    SendMessageA(*j, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)Answer.first.c_str());

            break;

        case 1 :
            AllHandlers = getAllHandlersOfElementsOnWindowsByIdentityCode(Pointer->getAllHandlers(),List_Box);
            for(vector<HWND>::iterator j = AllHandlers.begin();j!=AllHandlers.end();j++)
                if(SendMessageA(*j, LB_FINDSTRINGEXACT, 0, (LPARAM)Answer.first.c_str())==LB_ERR)
                    SendMessageA(*j, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM)Answer.first.c_str());

            break;

        case 2 :
            AllHandlers = getAllHandlersOfElementsOnWindowsByIdentityCode(Pointer->getAllHandlers(),List_Box);
            for(vector<HWND>::iterator j = AllHandlers.begin();j!=AllHandlers.end();j++)
                if((i = SendMessageA(*j, LB_FINDSTRINGEXACT, 0, (LPARAM)Answer.first.c_str()))!=LB_ERR)
                    SendMessageA(*j,LB_DELETESTRING, 0, (LPARAM)Answer.first.c_str());

            break;

        case 3 :

            userReply = MessageBoxW(NULL, L"??????? ??????????? ?? ????????????",
                    L"", MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION); 
            if (userReply==IDYES){

                //todo: ???????? ?? ???????? ???????, ? ??????? ??? ????????
                string nameOfConf = fetchNameOfInviteConf(Answer.second);
                Pointer->createConference(nameOfConf);
                HWND toSendTo = createMainWindow(Pointer);
                Pointer->setHandlerInfo(nameOfConf,toSendTo);               
                Pointer->addNewMemberToConference_ServerType(nameOfConf,Answer.first);
                string toSend = string("<?xml version='1.0'?><inviteAccepted>") + nameOfConf + string("</inviteAccepted>");
                Pointer->sendMsgToIpUdp(Answer.first,toSend);

            }
            break;

        case 4 :

            string nameOfConf = fetchNameOfInviteAcceptConf(Answer.second);

            toSend.clear();
            Participants.clear();
            Participants = Pointer->getCurrentParticipants(nameOfConf);
            toSend+="<?xml version='1.0'?>";
            toSend+="<conference>";
            toSend+="<nameOfConference>";
            toSend+=nameOfConf;
            toSend+="</nameOfConference>";
            for(vector<string>::iterator i = Participants.begin();i!=Participants.end();i++){
                toSend+="<participant>" + *i + "</participant>";
            }
            toSend+="</conference>";



            Pointer->addNewMemberToConference_ClientType(nameOfConf,Answer.first);

            Pointer->sendToIpTcp(Answer.first,toSend);

            break;

    }

函数receiveMsgByUdp()停止此线程,直到收到消息.我为缺乏知识而道歉,但我可以使用哪些功能或其他东西来解决这个问题.我应该重写我的方法receiveMsgByUdp()是异步还是如何调用函数createMainWindow()在主线程上运行？关于最后一个变体:我怎么能在纯winapi中做到这一点,我找不到任何简单的例子.有人可以给代码片段.再次感谢)

Answer 1

您确实可以在主UI线程以外的线程中创建窗口.但是,这些窗口将与创建它们的线程具有亲缘关系,您需要在创建窗口的每个线程中运行消息泵.

因此,尽管您可以按照自己的要求行事,但Win32的设计目的是在与同一个线程具有亲缘关系的进程中处理所有窗口.创建多个UI线程实际上无法获得任何好处.你所做的一切就是让你的生活变得异常复杂.

Answer 2

您可以在“非主”线程上创建窗口，但要注意这些窗口附加到创建线程，并且您需要确保在那里实现消息循环并继续调度发布在队列上的消息。如果你不这样做，你的窗户会冻结。

看：

• 使用消息和消息队列
• 消息处理——关于消息和消息队列

系统不会自动为每个线程创建消息队列。相反，系统仅为执行需要消息队列的操作的线程创建消息队列。如果线程创建了一个或多个窗口，则必须提供一个消息循环；这个消息循环从线程的消息队列中检索消息并将它们分派到适当的窗口过程。

Answer 3

如果在另一个线程中创建窗口，则还需要在该线程上实现消息循环，因为排队的消息将发布到拥有该窗口的线程的消息队列中。