那些遇到过的问题

加载活动时出现OutOfMemoryError

Ben*_*fez 3 android out-of-memory

我有一个非常简单的活动:

public class SurvivalActivity extends Activity {
    private static final String KEY_LAYOUT_ID = "SurvivalLayoutId";
    int mLayoutId;
    private static final int[] mSurvivalLayouts = {
        R.layout.survival1,
        R.layout.survival2,
        R.layout.survival3,
    };

    @Override
    public void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        final Intent i = getIntent();
        if (savedInstanceState != null && savedInstanceState.containsKey(KEY_LAYOUT_ID)) {
            mLayoutId = savedInstanceState.getInt(KEY_LAYOUT_ID, 0);
        } else if (i != null) {
            mLayoutId = i.getIntExtra(KEY_LAYOUT_ID, 0);
        } else {
            mLayoutId = 0;
        }

        // Layout
        setContentView(mSurvivalLayouts[mLayoutId]);

        // Title
        Util.setTitleFont(this, findViewById(R.id.title));

        // "Next" button
        final View nextButton = findViewById(R.id.survival_next);
        Util.setFont(this, nextButton, "Lobster.ttf");
        nextButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(final View v) {
                final Intent next = new Intent(SurvivalActivity.this, SurvivalActivity.class);
                next.putExtra(KEY_LAYOUT_ID, (mLayoutId + 1) % mSurvivalLayouts.length);
                startActivity(next);
                finish();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(final Bundle outState) {
        outState.putInt(KEY_LAYOUT_ID, mLayoutId);
    }
}
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两个Util.*静态方法只是改变了字体TextView.

所有3个布局都相当简单,让我先向您展示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            style="@style/Title"
            android:text="@string/surv1_title" />

        <TextView
            style="@style/Content"
            android:text="@string/surv1_1" />

        <ImageView
            style="@style/Picture"
            android:src="@drawable/surv_crafting" />
        <TextView
            style="@style/PicLegend"
            android:src="@string/surv_crafting_leg" />
        <ImageView
            style="@style/Picture"
            android:src="@drawable/surv_hache" />
        <TextView
            style="@style/PicLegend"
            android:src="@string/surv_hache_leg" />
        <ImageView
            style="@style/Picture"
            android:src="@drawable/surv_pioche" />
        <TextView
            style="@style/PicLegend"
            android:src="@string/surv_pioche_leg" />

        <TextView
            style="@style/Content"
            android:text="@string/surv1_2" />

        <ImageView
            style="@style/Picture"
            android:src="@drawable/surv_charbon" />
        <TextView
            style="@style/PicLegend"
            android:src="@string/surv_charbon_leg" />

        <TextView
            style="@style/Content"
            android:text="@string/surv1_3" />

        <ImageView
            style="@style/Picture"
            android:src="@drawable/surv_torch" />
        <TextView
            style="@style/PicLegend"
            android:src="@string/surv_torch_leg" />

        <TextView
            style="@style/Content"
            android:text="@string/surv1_4" />

        <ImageView
            style="@style/Picture"
            android:src="@drawable/surv_abri" />
        <TextView
            style="@style/PicLegend"
            android:src="@string/surv_abri_leg" />

        <TextView
            style="@style/Content"
            android:text="@string/surv1_5" />

        <Button
            style="@style/SurvivalBoxNext"
            android:text="@string/surv1_next" />

    </LinearLayout>
</ScrollView>
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正如你所看到TextView的那样,ImageViews 只有几个s ,并且Button会触发下一个活动的负载.

我启动应用程序,它显示第一个屏幕.我向下滚动按钮,单击,显示第二个屏幕(打嗝).我向下滚动按钮,点击,然后繁荣.

03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{net.bicou.myapp/net.bicou.myapp.SurvivalActivity}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #72: Error inflating class <unknown>
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1955)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1980)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.ActivityThread.access$600(ActivityThread.java:122)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1146)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:137)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4340)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:511)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:784)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:551)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #72: Error inflating class <unknown>
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:606)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater.onCreateView(PhoneLayoutInflater.java:56)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.onCreateView(LayoutInflater.java:653)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:678)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:739)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:742)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:489)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:396)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:352)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:251)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1835)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at net.bicou.myapp.SurvivalActivity.onCreate(SurvivalActivity.java:34)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:4465)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1049)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:1919)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     ... 11 more
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.constructNative(Native Method)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:417)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:586)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     ... 25 more
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611): Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.Bitmap.nativeCreate(Native Method)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap.java:605)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.Bitmap.createBitmap(Bitmap.java:551)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.Bitmap.createScaledBitmap(Bitmap.java:437)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.finishDecode(BitmapFactory.java:524)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:499)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResourceStream(BitmapFactory.java:351)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.createFromResourceStream(Drawable.java:773)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.content.res.Resources.loadDrawable(Resources.java:1937)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.content.res.TypedArray.getDrawable(TypedArray.java:601)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.widget.ImageView.<init>(ImageView.java:119)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     at android.widget.ImageView.<init>(ImageView.java:109)
03-02 16:36:46.488 E/AndroidRuntime(10611):     ... 28 more
03-02 16:36:46.520 W/ActivityManager(  211):   Force finishing activity net.bicou.myapp/.SurvivalActivity
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我不明白:

  1. 为什么之前的活动没有被释放以释放一些空间
  2. 为什么我的应用占用了这么多堆(Grow heap (frag case) to 60.869MB for 3600016-byte allocation)
  3. 如何连续显示包含每个约10 TextView秒和10 ImageView秒的3个活动
  4. 如果我做错了,因为我的代码中看不到任何错误,但显然有些不对劲.

谢谢.

编辑:第一个活动的图片大小:

-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff   167197 29 fév 16:42 surv_abri.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    24658 29 fév 16:42 surv_charbon.png 559x277 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     5285 29 fév 16:42 surv_crafting.png 214x121 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     4190 29 fév 16:42 surv_hache.png 214x121 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     3809 29 fév 16:42 surv_pioche.png 214x121 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     2252 29 fév 16:42 surv_torch.png 215x121 px
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第二项活动:

-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     3371 29 fév 16:42 surv_four.png 204x112 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     5059 29 fév 16:42 surv_glass.png 215x122 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     3176 29 fév 16:42 surv_malle.png 204x112 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff     2676 29 fév 16:42 surv_pelle.png 204x112 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff   167166 29 fév 16:42 surv_repere.png 528x331 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff   134706 29 fév 16:42 surv_sand.jpg 854x480 px
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第三项活动(崩溃): 

-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    58919 29 fév 16:42 surv_1.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    51144 29 fév 16:42 surv_2.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    46917 29 fév 16:42 surv_3.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    53226 29 fév 16:42 surv_4.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    37787 29 fév 16:42 surv_5.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    31050 29 fév 16:42 surv_6.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    38389 29 fév 16:42 surv_7.jpg 600x377 px
-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    44471 29 fév 16:42 surv_8.jpg 600x377 px
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窗口背景:

-rw-r--r--  1 bicou  staff    30857 29 fév 16:42 background_img.png
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编辑:

好的 - 我尝试直接从代码中膨胀视图,以便查看我是否有错误的图像.这是我的活动代码(只有变量+ onCreate,其余的是相同的)

private static final int[] mTitles = {
    R.string.surv1_title, R.string.surv2_title, R.string.surv3_title
};
private static final int[][] mTextViews = {
    {   R.string.surv1_1, R.string.surv1_2, R.string.surv1_3, R.string.surv1_4, R.string.surv1_5 },
    {   R.string.surv2_1, R.string.surv2_2, R.string.surv2_3, R.string.surv2_4, R.string.surv2_5, R.string.surv2_6 },
    {   R.string.surv3_1, R.string.surv3_2, R.string.surv3_3 }
};
private static final int[][] mImageViews = {
    {   R.drawable.surv_pioche, R.drawable.surv_crafting, R.drawable.surv_hache, R.drawable.surv_charbon,
        R.drawable.surv_torch, R.drawable.surv_abri },
    {   R.drawable.surv_malle, R.drawable.surv_four, R.drawable.surv_pelle, R.drawable.surv_repere,
        R.drawable.surv_sand, R.drawable.surv_glass },
    {   R.drawable.surv_1, R.drawable.surv_2, R.drawable.surv_3, R.drawable.surv_4,
        R.drawable.surv_5, R.drawable.surv_6, R.drawable.surv_7, R.drawable.surv_8  },
};
private static final int[] mNextButtons = {
    R.string.surv1_next, R.string.surv2_next, R.string.surv3_next
};

@Override
public void onCreate(final Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    final Intent i = getIntent();
    if (savedInstanceState != null && savedInstanceState.containsKey(KEY_LAYOUT_ID)) {
        mLayoutId = savedInstanceState.getInt(KEY_LAYOUT_ID, 0);
    } else if (i != null) {
        mLayoutId = i.getIntExtra(KEY_LAYOUT_ID, 0);
    } else {
        mLayoutId = 0;
    }

    // Layout
    //setContentView(mSurvivalLayouts[mLayoutId]);
    LinearLayout ll;
    ScrollView sv;
    TextView tv;
    ImageView iv;
    Button b;

    sv = new ScrollView(this);
    sv.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT));
    ll = new LinearLayout(this);
    ll.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
    ll.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT));

    tv = new TextView(this);
    tv.setId(R.id.title);
    tv.setText(getString(mTitles[mLayoutId]));
    ll.addView(tv);

    for (final int textId: mTextViews[mLayoutId]) {
        tv = new TextView(this);
        tv.setText(getString(textId));
        ll.addView(tv);
    }

    for (final int imgId: mImageViews[mLayoutId]) {
        L.i("Creating image: "+imgId);
        iv = new ImageView(this);
        iv.setImageResource(imgId);
        ll.addView(iv);
    }

    b = new Button(this);
    b.setText(getString(mNextButtons[mLayoutId]));
    b.setId(R.id.survival_next);
    ll.addView(b);

    sv.addView(ll);
    setContentView(sv);

    // Title
    Util.setTitleFont(this, findViewById(R.id.title));

    // "Next" button
    final View nextButton = findViewById(R.id.survival_next);
    Util.setFont(this, nextButton, "Lobster.ttf");
    nextButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(final View v) {
            final Intent next = new Intent(SurvivalActivity.this, SurvivalActivity.class);
            next.putExtra(KEY_LAYOUT_ID, (mLayoutId + 1) % mSurvivalLayouts.length);
            startActivity(next);
            finish();
        }
    });
}
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正如您所看到的,我只是直接膨胀视图,并且L.i(这是别名Log.i(TAG, ...))表示在崩溃之前最后一次ImageView膨胀.

我运行了应用程序,看到了第一个活动,然后是第二个活动,并且在加载第三个活动时崩溃了.我在logcat中看到的最后一个ID是最后一张图片R.drawable.surv_8.这是一个630x377的jpeg文件,45 kiB.

我试图改变这样的视图的顺序: 

private static final int[][] mImageViews = {
    {   R.drawable.surv_pioche, R.drawable.surv_crafting, R.drawable.surv_hache, R.drawable.surv_charbon,
        R.drawable.surv_torch, R.drawable.surv_abri },
    {   R.drawable.surv_malle, R.drawable.surv_four, R.drawable.surv_pelle, R.drawable.surv_repere,
        R.drawable.surv_sand, R.drawable.surv_glass },
    {   R.drawable.surv_8, R.drawable.surv_1, R.drawable.surv_2, R.drawable.surv_3, R.drawable.surv_4,
        R.drawable.surv_5, R.drawable.surv_6, R.drawable.surv_7,  },
};
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所以surv_8是第一个.应用程序仍然在最后一张图片崩溃,这是R.drawable.surv_7.所以这不是图像问题.

然后我删除了其中一张图片,mImageViews[2]这样我只有7张图片而不是8张.应用程序按预期工作:活动加载,当我点击按钮时我会转到下一张图片,最后我去了首先.没有崩溃.

然而,我可以告诉活动1和2留在记忆中.确实,看看时间:

03-04 15:47:13.685 I/ActivityManager(17430): Displayed net.bicou.myapp/.SurvivalActivity: +2s570ms
03-04 15:47:36.834 I/ActivityManager(17430): Displayed net.bicou.myapp/.SurvivalActivity: +803ms
03-04 15:47:39.756 I/ActivityManager(17430): Displayed net.bicou.myapp/.SurvivalActivity: +1s476ms
03-04 15:47:44.201 I/ActivityManager(17430): Displayed net.bicou.myapp/.SurvivalActivity: +462ms
03-04 15:47:46.717 I/ActivityManager(17430): Displayed net.bicou.myapp/.SurvivalActivity: +474ms
03-04 15:47:48.599 I/ActivityManager(17430): Displayed net.bicou.myapp/.SurvivalActivity: +474ms
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加载活动400毫秒而不是1.5-2.5秒.

为什么这会留在记忆中？

=>**我需要手动释放所有照片onDestroy()吗？**

=>您如何看待这个:http://androidactivity.wordpress.com/2011/09/24/solution-for-outofmemoryerror-bitmap-size-exceeds-vm-budget/
使用此解决方案,我可以像10位图一样加载在全球范围内,我会在加载其他活动时释放一些？

Ben*_*fez 5

对不起,这个问题的答案实际上不可能与我在问题中提出的要素有关.

实际上,正如另一个问题所述:为什么我的所有位图都被上采样200%？,我把我的照片放在drawable文件夹中,在像我这样的xhdpi屏幕上,将导致Android上采样两次(以匹配xdpi与mdpi),并将导致400%的内存使用(宽度的两倍和高度的两倍)所以像素的4倍).

还有一件事,因为我不希望用户能够返回(见finish()右后startActivity()),这是我放在onPause():

private void unbindDrawables(View view) {
    if (view.getBackground() != null) {
        view.getBackground().setCallback(null);
    }
    if (view instanceof ViewGroup) {
        for (int i = 0; i < ((ViewGroup) view).getChildCount(); i++) {
            unbindDrawables(((ViewGroup) view).getChildAt(i));
        }
        ((ViewGroup) view).removeAllViews();
    }
}
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这是我在StackOverflow上获得的一些代码(例如这里:Drawable vs Single可重用的Bitmap更好的内存？).

以下是我对此代码的评论以及为什么每一行都很重要:

  • 在setCallback(null)去除该引用到活动中,以便它可以被垃圾收集.如果不这样做,所有视图都将保留在内存中.
  • 你还需要调用它onPause,因为onDestroy不能保证被调用.
  • 在此之后,您可能需要进行垃圾收集,以帮助GC了解对孤立的对象的一些引用以及可以进行GC的对象.打电话吧System.gc().

这是生成的onPause代码,您的活动的主要布局具有ID top_layout:

@Override
protected void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    unbindDrawables(findViewById(R.id.top_layout));
    System.gc();
}
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为什么我的所有位图都上采样200%？ 6
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