use*_*495 3 c algorithm time-complexity
使用过这个程序,如何计算回溯算法的时间复杂度?
/*
Function to print permutations of string This function takes three parameters:
1. String
2. Starting index of the string
3. Ending index of the string.
*/
void swap (char *x, char *y)
{
char temp;
temp = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = temp;
}
void permute(char *a, int i, int n)
{
int j;
if (i == n)
printf("%s\n", a);
else
{
for (j = i; j <= n; j++)
{
swap((a+i), (a+j));
permute(a, i+1, n);
swap((a+i), (a+j)); //backtrack
}
}
}
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ami*_*mit 11
每个都会permute(a,i,n)导致n-i调用permute(a,i+1,n)
因此,当i == 0有n呼叫时i == 1,有n-1呼叫时...... i == n-1有一个呼叫时.
你可以从中找到迭代次数的递归公式:
T(1) = 1[base]; 和T(n) = n * T(n-1)[步骤]
结果总共 T(n) = n * T(n-1) = n * (n-1) * T(n-2) = .... = n * (n-1) * ... * 1 = n!
编辑:[小修正]:因为for循环中的条件是j <= n[而不是j < n],每个permute()实际上都是调用n-i+1次数permute(a,i+1,n),导致T(n)= (n+1) * T(n-1)[step]和T(0) = 1[base],后来导致T(n) = (n+1) * n * ... * 1 = (n+1)!.
但是,它似乎是一个实现错误,而不是一个功能:\