如何使用Python发送电子邮件？

Question

我正在编写一个使用Python发送电子邮件的程序.我从各种论坛中学到的是以下代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import smtplib
sender = "sachinites@gmail.com"
receivers = ["abhisheks@cse.iitb.ac.in"]
yourname = "Abhishek Sagar"
recvname = "receptionist"
sub = "Testing email"
body = "who cares"
message = "From: " + yourname + "\n" 
message = message + "To: " + recvname + "\n"
message = message + "Subject: " + sub + "\n" 
message = message + body
try:
    print "Sending email to " + recvname + "...",
    server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')
    username = 'XYZ@gmail.com'  
    password = '*****'  
    server.ehlo()
    server.starttls()  
    server.login(username,password)  
    server.sendmail(sender, receivers, message)         
    server.quit()
    print "successfully sent!"
except  Exception:
    print "Error: unable to send email"

但它只是打印""错误:无法发送电子邮件"并退出终端.我怎么解决这个问题？

我将最后两行修改为

except Exception, error:
    print "Unable to send e-mail: '%s'." % str(error)

我收到以下错误消息:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./2.py", line 45, in <module>
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 239, in __init__
    (code, msg) = self.connect(host, port)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 295, in connect
    self.sock = self._get_socket(host, port, self.timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/smtplib.py", line 273, in _get_socket
    return socket.create_connection((port, host), timeout)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/socket.py", line 514, in create_connection
    raise error, msg
socket.error: [Errno 111] Connection refused

Answer 1

如果消息头,有效负载包含非ascii字符,那么它们应该被编码:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from email.header    import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from getpass         import getpass
from smtplib         import SMTP_SSL


login, password = 'user@gmail.com', getpass('Gmail password:')
recipients = [login]

# create message
msg = MIMEText('message body…', 'plain', 'utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header('subject…', 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = login
msg['To'] = ", ".join(recipients)

# send it via gmail
s = SMTP_SSL('smtp.gmail.com', 465, timeout=10)
s.set_debuglevel(1)
try:
    s.login(login, password)
    s.sendmail(msg['From'], recipients, msg.as_string())
finally:
    s.quit()

Answer 2

如果您打印错误消息,您可能会全面了解发生了什么错误.尝试(没有双关语)这个:

try:
    # ...
except Exception, error:
    print "Unable to send e-mail: '%s'." % str(error)

如果在阅读错误消息后仍然无法理解您的错误,请使用错误消息更新您的问题,我们可以为您提供更多帮助.

更多信息后更新:

错误消息

socket.error:[Errno 111]连接被拒绝

表示远程端(例如GMail SMTP服务器)拒绝网络连接.如果你看看smtplib.SMTP构造函数,你似乎应该改变

server = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.gmail.com:587')

以下.

server = smtplib.SMTP(host='smtp.gmail.com', port=587)