废弃的命名信号量未释放

Question

当 C# 程序持有命名信号量时，如果应用程序提前终止（例如通过按 Ctrl+C 或关闭控制台窗口），它似乎不会被释放。至少在进程的所有实例都终止之前不会。

在这种情况下，使用命名互斥量会引发 AbandonedMutexException，但不会引发信号量。当另一个程序实例提前终止时，如何防止一个程序实例停顿？

class Program
{
    // Same with count > 1
    private static Semaphore mySemaphore = new Semaphore(1, 1, "SemaphoreTest");

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        try
        {
            // Blocks forever if the first process was terminated
            // before it had the chance to call Release
            Console.WriteLine("Getting semaphore");
            mySemaphore.WaitOne();  
            Console.WriteLine("Acquired...");
        }
        catch (AbandonedMutexException)
        {
            // Never called!
            Console.WriteLine("Acquired due to AbandonedMutexException...");
        }
        catch (System.Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex);
        }

        Thread.Sleep(20 * 1000);
        mySemaphore.Release();
        Console.WriteLine("Done");
    }
}

Answer 1

通常，您不能保证线程在退出时释放信号量。您可以编写 try/finally 块和关键终结器，但如果程序异常终止，它们将不会总是有效。而且，与互斥体不同的是，如果一个线程在它仍然持有信号量时退出，则不会通知其他线程。

原因是.NET Semaphore 对象所基于的Windows semaphore 对象不会跟踪哪些线程已获取它，因此不能抛出类似于 .NET 信号量对象的异常AbandonedMutexException。

也就是说，您可以在用户关闭窗口时收到通知。您需要设置一个控制处理程序来侦听特定事件。您调用 Windows API 函数SetConsoleCtrlHandler，将处理您感兴趣的事件的回调函数（委托）传递给它。我已经有一段时间没有这样做了，但总的来说。

为SetConsoleCtrlHandler函数和回调创建一个托管原型：

/// <summary>
/// Control signals received by the console control handler.
/// </summary>
public enum ConsoleControlEventType: int
{
    /// <summary>
    /// A CTRL+C signal was received, either from keyboard input or from a
    /// signal generated by the GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent function.
    /// </summary>
    CtrlC = 0,
    /// <summary>
    /// A CTRL+BREAK signal was received, either from keyboard input or from
    /// a signal generated by GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent.
    /// </summary>
    CtrlBreak = 1,
    /// <summary>
    /// A signal that the system sends to all processes attached to a console
    /// when the user closes the console (either by clicking Close on the console
    /// window's window menu, or by clicking the End Task button command from
    /// Task Manager).
    /// </summary>
    CtrlClose = 2,
    // 3 and 4 are reserved, per WinCon.h
    /// <summary>
    /// A signal that the system sends to all console processes when a user is logging off. 
    /// </summary>
    CtrlLogoff = 5,
    /// <summary>
    /// A signal that the system sends to all console processes when the system is shutting down. 
    /// </summary>
    CtrlShutdown = 6
}

/// <summary>
/// Control event handler delegate.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="CtrlType">Control event type.</param>
/// <returns>Return true to cancel the control event.  A return value of false
/// will terminate the application and send the event to the next control
/// handler.</returns>
public delegate bool ConsoleCtrlHandlerDelegate(ConsoleControlEventType CtrlType);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool SetConsoleCtrlHandler(
ConsoleCtrlHandlerDelegate HandlerRoutine,
bool Add);

现在，创建您的处理程序方法：

private static bool ConsoleCtrlHandler(ConsoleControlEventType CtrlType)
{
    switch (CtrlType)
    {
        case CtrlClose:
            // handle it here
            break;
        case CtrlBreak:
            // handle it here
            break;
    }
    // returning false ends up calling the next handler
    // returning true will prevent further handlers from being called.
    return false;
}

最后，在初始化期间，您要设置控制处理程序：

SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ConsoleControlHandler);

现在将在用户关闭窗口时调用您的控制处理程序。这将允许您释放信号量或进行其他清理。

您可能对我的ConsoleDotNet 包感兴趣。我写了三篇关于这些东西的文章，最后两篇仍然可以在 DevSource 上找到。我不知道第一个发生了什么。

• .NET 中的控制台输入
• 在 .NET 中使用控制台屏幕缓冲区