如何在Java密钥库中导入现有的x509证书和私钥以在SSL中使用？

Question

我在activemq配置中有这个

<sslContext>
        <sslContext keyStore="file:/home/alex/work/amq/broker.ks"  
 keyStorePassword="password" trustStore="file:${activemq.base}/conf/broker.ts" 
 trustStorePassword="password"/>
</sslContext>

我有一对x509证书和一个密钥文件

如何导入这两个用于ssl和ssl + stomp连接器？我可以谷歌的所有例子总是自己生成密钥,但我已经有了密钥.

我试过了

keytool -import  -keystore ./broker.ks -file mycert.crt

但这只导入证书而不是密钥文件并导致结果

__CODE__

我尝试连接证书和密钥但得到了相同的结果

如何导入密钥？

Answer 1

我使用了以下两个步骤,我在其他答案中链接的评论/帖子中找到了这两个步骤:

第一步:将x509 Cert和Key转换为pkcs12文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey server.key \
               -out server.p12 -name [some-alias] \
               -CAfile ca.crt -caname root

注意:确保在p12文件上输入密码 - 否则在尝试导入时会出现空引用异常.(如果其他人有这种头痛的话).(谢谢jocull!)

注意2:您可能希望添加-chain选项以保留完整的证书链.(谢谢Mafuba)

第二步:将pkcs12文件转换为java密钥库

keytool -importkeystore \
        -deststorepass [changeit] -destkeypass [changeit] -destkeystore server.keystore \
        -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass some-password \
        -alias [some-alias]

成品

可选步骤零,创建自签名证书

openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
openssl req -new -out server.csr -key server.key
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt

干杯!

Answer 2

Java 6中的Keytool确实具有以下功能:使用keytool将私钥导入Java密钥库

以下是该帖子的基本细节.

1. 使用OpenSSL将现有证书转换为PKCS12.当被问到或第二步会抱怨时,需要密码.

   openssl pkcs12 -export -in [my_certificate.crt] -inkey [my_key.key] -out [keystore.p12] -name [new_alias] -CAfile [my_ca_bundle.crt] -caname root
   

2. 将PKCS12转换为Java密钥库文件.

   keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass [new_keystore_pass] -destkeypass [new_key_pass] -destkeystore [keystore.jks] -srckeystore [keystore.p12] -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass [pass_used_in_p12_keystore] -alias [alias_used_in_p12_keystore]
   

Answer 3

信不信由你,keytool不提供将私钥导入密钥库等基本功能.您可以通过将PKSC12文件与私钥合并到密钥库来尝试此解决方法.

或者只是使用IBM 用户友好的KeyMan进行密钥库处理而不是keytool.exe.

Answer 4

使用 Let's Encrypt 证书

假设你已经创建了证书和私钥以让我们的加密在/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.com：

1. 创建一个PKCS #12文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -in fullchain.pem -inkey privkey.pem -out pkcs.p12 \
        -name letsencrypt

这将您的 SSL 证书fullchain.pem和您的私钥组合privkey.pem到一个文件中，pkcs.p12.

系统将提示您输入pkcs.p12.

该export选项指定将创建而不是解析 PKCS #12 文件（根据手册）。

2. 创建 Java 密钥库

keytool -importkeystore -destkeystore keystore.jks -srckeystore pkcs.p12 \
        -srcstoretype PKCS12 -alias letsencrypt

如果keystore.jks不存在，将创建包含pkcs.12上面创建的文件。否则，您将导入pkcs.12现有的密钥库。

这些说明源自此博客上的“从让我们加密证书创建 Java 密钥库 (.JKS)”一文。

这里有更多关于/etc/letsencrypt/live/you.com/.

Answer 5

还有一个:

#!/bin/bash

# We have:
#
# 1) $KEY : Secret key in PEM format ("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----") 
# 2) $LEAFCERT : Certificate for secret key obtained from some
#    certification outfit, also in PEM format ("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----")   
# 3) $CHAINCERT : Intermediate certificate linking $LEAFCERT to a trusted
#    Self-Signed Root CA Certificate 
#
# We want to create a fresh Java "keystore" $TARGET_KEYSTORE with the
# password $TARGET_STOREPW, to be used by Tomcat for HTTPS Connector.
#
# The keystore must contain: $KEY, $LEAFCERT, $CHAINCERT
# The Self-Signed Root CA Certificate is obtained by Tomcat from the
# JDK's truststore in /etc/pki/java/cacerts

# The non-APR HTTPS connector (APR uses OpenSSL-like configuration, much
# easier than this) in server.xml looks like this 
# (See: https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/ssl-howto.html):
#
#  <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
#                SSLEnabled="true"
#                maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
#                clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"
#                keystoreFile="/etc/tomcat6/etl-web.keystore.jks"
#                keystorePass="changeit" />
#

# Let's roll:    

TARGET_KEYSTORE=/etc/tomcat6/foo-server.keystore.jks
TARGET_STOREPW=changeit

TLS=/etc/pki/tls

KEY=$TLS/private/httpd/foo-server.example.com.key
LEAFCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/foo-server.example.com.pem
CHAINCERT=$TLS/certs/httpd/chain.cert.pem

# ----
# Create PKCS#12 file to import using keytool later
# ----

# From https://www.sslshopper.com/ssl-converter.html:
# The PKCS#12 or PFX format is a binary format for storing the server certificate,
# any intermediate certificates, and the private key in one encryptable file. PFX
# files usually have extensions such as .pfx and .p12. PFX files are typically used 
# on Windows machines to import and export certificates and private keys.

TMPPW=$$ # Some random password

PKCS12FILE=`mktemp`

if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
  echo "Creation of temporary PKCS12 file failed -- exiting" >&2; exit 1
fi

TRANSITFILE=`mktemp`

if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then
  echo "Creation of temporary transit file failed -- exiting" >&2; exit 1
fi

cat "$KEY" "$LEAFCERT" > "$TRANSITFILE"

openssl pkcs12 -export -passout "pass:$TMPPW" -in "$TRANSITFILE" -name etl-web > "$PKCS12FILE"

/bin/rm "$TRANSITFILE"

# Print out result for fun! Bug in doc (I think): "-pass " arg does not work, need "-passin"

openssl pkcs12 -passin "pass:$TMPPW" -passout "pass:$TMPPW" -in "$PKCS12FILE" -info

# ----
# Import contents of PKCS12FILE into a Java keystore. WTF, Sun, what were you thinking?
# ----

if [[ -f "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" ]]; then
  /bin/rm "$TARGET_KEYSTORE"
fi

keytool -importkeystore \
   -deststorepass  "$TARGET_STOREPW" \
   -destkeypass    "$TARGET_STOREPW" \
   -destkeystore   "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" \
   -srckeystore    "$PKCS12FILE" \
   -srcstoretype  PKCS12 \
   -srcstorepass  "$TMPPW" \
   -alias foo-the-server

/bin/rm "$PKCS12FILE"

# ----
# Import the chain certificate. This works empirically, it is not at all clear from the doc whether this is correct
# ----

echo "Importing chain"

TT=-trustcacerts

keytool -import $TT -storepass "$TARGET_STOREPW" -file "$CHAINCERT" -keystore "$TARGET_KEYSTORE" -alias chain

# ----
# Print contents
# ----

echo "Listing result"

keytool -list -storepass "$TARGET_STOREPW" -keystore "$TARGET_KEYSTORE"

Answer 6

首先转换为p12:

openssl pkcs12 -export -in [filename-certificate] -inkey [filename-key] -name [host] -out [filename-new-PKCS-12.p12]

从p12创建新的JKS:

keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass [password] -destkeystore [filename-new-keystore.jks] -srckeystore [filename-new-PKCS-12.p12] -srcstoretype PKCS12

Answer 7

是的,keytool没有导入私钥的功能确实是一个可悲的事实.

为了记录,最后我采用了这里描述的解决方案

Answer 8

在我的情况下,我有一个pem文件,其中包含两个证书和一个用于相互SSL身份验证的加密私钥.所以我的pem文件看起来像这样:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,C8BF220FC76AA5F9
...
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

这是我做的:

将文件拆分为三个单独的文件,以便每个文件只包含一个条目,以"--- BEGIN .."开头,以"--- END .."行结束.让我们假设我们现在有三个文件:cert1.pem cert2.pem和pkey.pem

使用openssl和以下语法将pkey.pem转换为DER格式:

openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -nocrypt -in pkey.pem -inform PEM -out pkey.der -outform DER

请注意,如果私钥被加密,您需要提供密码(从原始pem文件的供应商处获取)以转换为DER格式,openssl将要求您输入密码:"为pkey输入密码.pem:"如果转换成功,您将获得一个名为"pkey.der"的新文件

创建一个新的Java密钥库并导入私钥和证书:

String keypass = "password";  // this is a new password, you need to come up with to protect your java key store file
String defaultalias = "importkey";
KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");

// this section does not make much sense to me, 
// but I will leave it intact as this is how it was in the original example I found on internet:   
ks.load( null, keypass.toCharArray());
ks.store( new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore"  ), keypass.toCharArray());
ks.load( new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ),    keypass.toCharArray());
// end of section..


// read the key file from disk and create a PrivateKey

FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("pkey.der");
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(fis);
byte[] bytes = new byte[dis.available()];
dis.readFully(bytes);
ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);

byte[] key = new byte[bais.available()];
KeyFactory kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
bais.read(key, 0, bais.available());
bais.close();

PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keysp = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec ( key );
PrivateKey ff = kf.generatePrivate (keysp);


// read the certificates from the files and load them into the key store:

Collection  col_crt1 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert1.pem"));
Collection  col_crt2 = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X509").generateCertificates(new FileInputStream("cert2.pem"));

Certificate crt1 = (Certificate) col_crt1.iterator().next();
Certificate crt2 = (Certificate) col_crt2.iterator().next();
Certificate[] chain = new Certificate[] { crt1, crt2 };

String alias1 = ((X509Certificate) crt1).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();
String alias2 = ((X509Certificate) crt2).getSubjectX500Principal().getName();

ks.setCertificateEntry(alias1, crt1);
ks.setCertificateEntry(alias2, crt2);

// store the private key
ks.setKeyEntry(defaultalias, ff, keypass.toCharArray(), chain );

// save the key store to a file         
ks.store(new FileOutputStream ( "mykeystore" ),keypass.toCharArray());

(可选)验证新密钥库的内容:

keytool -list -keystore mykeystore -storepass password

密钥库类型:JKS密钥库提供商:SUN

您的密钥库包含3个条目

cn = ...,ou = ...,o = ..,2014年9月2日,trustedCertEntry,证书指纹(SHA1):2C:B8:...

importkey,2014年9月2日,PrivateKeyEntry,证书指纹(SHA1):9C:B0:...

cn = ...,o = ....,2014年9月2日,trustedCertEntry,证书指纹(SHA1):83:63:...

(可选)针对您的SSL服务器测试新密钥存储区中的证书和私钥:(您可能希望启用调试作为VM选项:-Djavax.net.debug = all)

        char[] passw = "password".toCharArray();
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ), passw );

        KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
        kmf.init(ks, passw);

        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        TrustManager[] tm = tmf.getTrustManagers();

        SSLContext sclx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sclx.init( kmf.getKeyManagers(), tm, null);

        SSLSocketFactory factory = sclx.getSocketFactory();
        SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket( "192.168.1.111", 443 );
        socket.startHandshake();

        //if no exceptions are thrown in the startHandshake method, then everything is fine..

如果计划使用它,最后使用HttpsURLConnection注册您的证书:

        char[] passw = "password".toCharArray();
        KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS", "SUN");
        ks.load(new FileInputStream ( "mykeystore" ), passw );

        KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
        kmf.init(ks, passw);

        TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmf.init(ks);
        TrustManager[] tm = tmf.getTrustManagers();

        SSLContext sclx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
        sclx.init( kmf.getKeyManagers(), tm, null);

        HostnameVerifier hv = new HostnameVerifier()
        {
            public boolean verify(String urlHostName, SSLSession session)
            {
                if (!urlHostName.equalsIgnoreCase(session.getPeerHost()))
                {
                    System.out.println("Warning: URL host '" + urlHostName + "' is different to SSLSession host '" + session.getPeerHost() + "'.");
                }
                return true;
            }
        };

        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory( sclx.getSocketFactory() );
        HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(hv);

Answer 9

我试图实现的是使用已经提供的私钥和证书来签署消息，该消息将发送到需要确保消息来自我的地方（私钥签名，而公钥加密）。

那么，如果您已经有 .key 文件和 .crt 文件呢？

尝试这个：

步骤1：将密钥和证书转换为.p12文件

openssl pkcs12 -export -in certificate.crt -inkey privateKey.key -name alias -out yourconvertedfile.p12

步骤 2：导入密钥并使用单个命令创建 .jsk 文件

keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass changeit -destkeystore keystore.jks -srckeystore umeme.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12

第三步：在你的java中：

char[] keyPassword = "changeit".toCharArray();

KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
InputStream keyStoreData = new FileInputStream("keystore.jks");

keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);
KeyStore.ProtectionParameter entryPassword = new KeyStore.PasswordProtection(keyPassword);
KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry privateKeyEntry = (KeyStore.PrivateKeyEntry)keyStore.getEntry("alias", entryPassword);

System.out.println(privateKeyEntry.toString());

如果您需要使用此密钥签署某些字符串，请执行以下操作：

第 1 步：转换要加密的文本

byte[] data = "test".getBytes("UTF8");

步骤2：获取base64编码的私钥

keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);

//get cert, pubkey and private key from the store by alias
Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("localhost");
PublicKey publicKey = cert.getPublicKey();
KeyPair keyPair = new KeyPair(publicKey, (PrivateKey) key);

//sign with this alg
Signature sig = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");
sig.initSign(keyPair.getPrivate());
sig.update(data);
byte[] signatureBytes = sig.sign();
System.out.println("Signature:" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signatureBytes));

sig.initVerify(keyPair.getPublic());
sig.update(data);

System.out.println(sig.verify(signatureBytes));

参考：

1. 如何导入 Java 密钥库中现有的 x509 证书和私钥以在 SSL 中使用？
2. http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-cryptography/keystore.html
3. http://www.java2s.com/Code/Java/Security/RetrivingaKeyPairfromaKeyStore.htm
4. 如何使用私钥对字符串进行签名

最终方案

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    byte[] data = "test".getBytes("UTF8");

    // load keystore
    char[] keyPassword = "changeit".toCharArray();

    KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
    //System.getProperty("user.dir") + "" < for a file in particular path 
    InputStream keyStoreData = new FileInputStream("keystore.jks");
    keyStore.load(keyStoreData, keyPassword);

    Key key = keyStore.getKey("localhost", keyPassword);

    Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("localhost");

    PublicKey publicKey = cert.getPublicKey();

    KeyPair keyPair = new KeyPair(publicKey, (PrivateKey) key);

    Signature sig = Signature.getInstance("SHA1WithRSA");

    sig.initSign(keyPair.getPrivate());
    sig.update(data);
    byte[] signatureBytes = sig.sign();
    System.out.println("Signature:" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(signatureBytes));

    sig.initVerify(keyPair.getPublic());
    sig.update(data);

    System.out.println(sig.verify(signatureBytes));
}

Answer 10

您可以使用这些步骤将密钥导入现有的密钥库。这些说明结合了本线程和其他站点中的答案。这些说明对我有用（Java 密钥库）：

1. 跑

openssl pkcs12 -export -in yourserver.crt -inkey yourkey.key -out server.p12 -name somename -certfile yourca.crt -caname root

（如果需要，放置 -chain 选项。放置对我来说失败了）。这将要求输入密码 - 您必须提供正确的密码，否则您将收到错误（标题错误或填充错误等）。

2. 它会要求您输入新密码 - 您必须在此处输入密码 - 输入任何内容，但记住它。（让我们假设您进入 Aragorn）。
3. 这将创建 pkcs 格式的 server.p12 文件。
4. 现在将它导入到*.jks文件中：（
   keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -destkeystore yourexistingjavakeystore.jks -deststoretype JKS -deststorepass existingjavastorepassword -destkeypass existingjavastorepassword
   非常重要 - 不要遗漏 deststorepass 和 destkeypass 参数。）
5. 它会询问您 src 密钥库密码。输入阿拉贡并按回车键。证书和密钥现在已导入到您现有的 Java 密钥库中。

Answer 11

基于上面的答案,以下是如何使用keytool(需要JDK 1.6+)从独立创建的Comodo证书和私钥创建基于Java的Web服务器的全新密钥库

1. 发出此命令,在密码提示符下输入somepass - 'server.crt'是服务器的证书,'server.key'是用于发布CSR的私钥: openssl pkcs12 -export -in server.crt -inkey server.key -out server.p12 -name www.yourdomain.com -CAfile AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt -caname "AddTrust External CA Root"

2. 然后使用keytool将p12密钥库转换为jks密钥库: keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass somepass -destkeypass somepass -destkeystore keystore.jks -srckeystore server.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass somepass

然后导入从Comodo收到的其他两个根/中间证书:

3. 导入COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt: keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias cert1 -file COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt -keystore keystore.jks

4. 导入COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt: keytool -import -trustcacerts -alias cert2 -file COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt -keystore keystore.jks