128 xml bash shell xhtml xpath
理想情况下,我希望能够做到的是:
cat xhtmlfile.xhtml |
getElementViaXPath --path='/html/head/title' |
sed -e 's%(^<title>|</title>$)%%g' > titleOfXHTMLPage.txt
cha*_*had 144
这实际上只是对Yuzem答案的解释,但我不觉得应该对其他人进行这么多编辑,并且评论不允许格式化,所以...
rdom () { local IFS=\> ; read -d \< E C ;}
让我们称之为"read_dom"而不是"rdom",将其空出一点并使用更长的变量:
read_dom () {
local IFS=\>
read -d \< ENTITY CONTENT
}
好的,它定义了一个名为read_dom的函数.第一行使IFS(输入字段分隔符)成为此函数的本地,并将其更改为>.这意味着当您读取数据而不是自动在空格,制表符或换行符上拆分时,它会在">"上拆分.下一行表示从stdin读取输入,而不是在换行符处停止,当你看到一个'<'字符(-d为deliminator标志)时停止.然后使用IFS分割读取的内容并将其分配给变量ENTITY和CONTENT.所以请注意以下几点:
<tag>value</tag>
第一次调用read_dom获取一个空字符串(因为'<'是第一个字符).由于没有'>'字符,因此IFS将其拆分为''.然后读取为两个变量分配一个空字符串.第二个调用获取字符串'tag> value'.然后由IFS分成两个字段'tag'和'value'.然后读取分配变量,如:ENTITY=tag和CONTENT=value.第三个调用获取字符串'/ tag>'.由IFS分成两个字段'/ tag'和''.然后读取分配变量,如:ENTITY=/tag和CONTENT=.第四个调用将返回非零状态,因为我们已到达文件末尾.
现在他的while循环清理了一下以匹配上面的内容:
while read_dom; do
if [[ $ENTITY = "title" ]]; then
echo $CONTENT
exit
fi
done < xhtmlfile.xhtml > titleOfXHTMLPage.txt
第一行只是说,"当read_dom函数返回零状态时,请执行以下操作." 第二行检查我们刚才看到的实体是否是"标题".下一行回显标签的内容.四线退出.如果它不是标题实体,则循环在第六行重复.我们将"xhtmlfile.xhtml"重定向到标准输入(用于read_dom函数)并将标准输出重定向到"titleOfXHTMLPage.txt"(循环中早期的回声).
现在给出以下内容(类似于在S3上列出一个桶的内容)input.xml:
<ListBucketResult xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/">
<Name>sth-items</Name>
<IsTruncated>false</IsTruncated>
<Contents>
<Key>item-apple-iso@2x.png</Key>
<LastModified>2011-07-25T22:23:04.000Z</LastModified>
<ETag>"0032a28286680abee71aed5d059c6a09"</ETag>
<Size>1785</Size>
<StorageClass>STANDARD</StorageClass>
</Contents>
</ListBucketResult>
和以下循环:
while read_dom; do
echo "$ENTITY => $CONTENT"
done < input.xml
你应该得到:
=>
ListBucketResult xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/" =>
Name => sth-items
/Name =>
IsTruncated => false
/IsTruncated =>
Contents =>
Key => item-apple-iso@2x.png
/Key =>
LastModified => 2011-07-25T22:23:04.000Z
/LastModified =>
ETag => "0032a28286680abee71aed5d059c6a09"
/ETag =>
Size => 1785
/Size =>
StorageClass => STANDARD
/StorageClass =>
/Contents =>
所以如果我们写一个while像Yuzem的循环:
while read_dom; do
if [[ $ENTITY = "Key" ]] ; then
echo $CONTENT
fi
done < input.xml
我们将获得S3存储桶中所有文件的列表.
编辑
如果由于某种原因local IFS=\>不适合您并且您全局设置它,您应该在函数结束时重置它,如:
read_dom () {
ORIGINAL_IFS=$IFS
IFS=\>
read -d \< ENTITY CONTENT
IFS=$ORIGINAL_IFS
}
否则,您在稍后在脚本中执行的任何行拆分都将被搞砸.
编辑2
要拆分属性名称/值对,您可以增加read_dom()类似的内容,以便:
read_dom () {
local IFS=\>
read -d \< ENTITY CONTENT
local ret=$?
TAG_NAME=${ENTITY%% *}
ATTRIBUTES=${ENTITY#* }
return $ret
}
然后编写你的函数来解析并得到你想要的数据,如下所示:
parse_dom () {
if [[ $TAG_NAME = "foo" ]] ; then
eval local $ATTRIBUTES
echo "foo size is: $size"
elif [[ $TAG_NAME = "bar" ]] ; then
eval local $ATTRIBUTES
echo "bar type is: $type"
fi
}
然后你read_dom打电话parse_dom:
while read_dom; do
parse_dom
done
然后给出以下示例标记:
<example>
<bar size="bar_size" type="metal">bars content</bar>
<foo size="1789" type="unknown">foos content</foo>
</example>
你应该得到这个输出:
$ cat example.xml | ./bash_xml.sh
bar type is: metal
foo size is: 1789
编辑3另一个用户说他们在FreeBSD中遇到问题并建议保存退出状态,并在read_dom结束时返回它,如:
read_dom () {
local IFS=\>
read -d \< ENTITY CONTENT
local RET=$?
TAG_NAME=${ENTITY%% *}
ATTRIBUTES=${ENTITY#* }
return $RET
}
我认为没有任何理由不应该起作用
小智 60
只使用bash就可以轻松完成.您只需添加此功能:
rdom () { local IFS=\> ; read -d \< E C ;}
现在你可以使用rdom之类的读取,但是对于html文档.当调用rdom时,将元素赋值给变量E,将内容赋值给var C.
例如,要做你想做的事:
while rdom; do
if [[ $E = title ]]; then
echo $C
exit
fi
done < xhtmlfile.xhtml > titleOfXHTMLPage.txt
Nat*_*Nat 54
可以从shell脚本调用的命令行工具包括:
我还使用xmllint和xsltproc以及少量XSL转换脚本从命令行或shell脚本中进行XML处理.
小智 22
您可以使用xpath实用程序.它与Perl XML-XPath软件包一起安装.
用法:
/usr/bin/xpath [filename] query
或XMLStarlet.要在opensuse上安装它,请使用:
sudo zypper install xmlstarlet
或尝试cnf xml其他平台.
这够了......
xpath xhtmlfile.xhtml '/html/head/title/text()' > titleOfXHTMLPage.txt
另一个命令行工具是我的新Xidel。它还支持 XPath 2 和 XQuery，这与已经提到的 xpath/xmlstarlet 不同。
标题可以这样读：
xidel xhtmlfile.xhtml -e /html/head/title > titleOfXHTMLPage.txt
它还有一个很酷的功能，可以将多个变量导出到 bash。例如
eval $(xidel xhtmlfile.xhtml -e 'title := //title, imgcount := count(//img)' --output-format bash )
设置$title为文件中的标题和$imgcount图像数量，这应该与直接在 bash 中解析它一样灵活。
从chad的答案开始,这里是用于解析UML的COMPLETE工作解决方案,只需2个小函数就可以处理注释,超过2个你可以将它们全部混合起来.我不是说chad的一个根本没用,但它对于格式错误的XML文件有太多的问题:所以你必须更难处理注释和错放的空格/ CR/TAB /等.
这个答案的目的是为没有使用perl,python或其他任何东西的复杂工具解析UML的任何人提供现成的2个开箱即用的bash函数.至于我,我不能安装cpan,也不能安装我正在使用的旧生产操作系统的perl模块,并且python不可用.
首先,本文中使用的UML词的定义:
<!-- comment... -->
<tag attribute="value">content...</tag>
编辑:更新的功能,具有以下句柄:
xml_read_dom() {
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/893585/how-to-parse-xml-in-bash
local ENTITY IFS=\>
if $ITSACOMMENT; then
read -d \< COMMENTS
COMMENTS="$(rtrim "${COMMENTS}")"
return 0
else
read -d \< ENTITY CONTENT
CR=$?
[ "x${ENTITY:0:1}x" == "x/x" ] && return 0
TAG_NAME=${ENTITY%%[[:space:]]*}
[ "x${TAG_NAME}x" == "x?xmlx" ] && TAG_NAME=xml
TAG_NAME=${TAG_NAME%%:*}
ATTRIBUTES=${ENTITY#*[[:space:]]}
ATTRIBUTES="${ATTRIBUTES//xmi:/}"
ATTRIBUTES="${ATTRIBUTES//xmlns:/}"
fi
# when comments sticks to !-- :
[ "x${TAG_NAME:0:3}x" == "x!--x" ] && COMMENTS="${TAG_NAME:3} ${ATTRIBUTES}" && ITSACOMMENT=true && return 0
# http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html
# INFO: oh wait it doesn't work on IBM AIX bash 3.2.16(1):
# [ "x${ATTRIBUTES:(-1):1}x" == "x/x" -o "x${ATTRIBUTES:(-1):1}x" == "x?x" ] && ATTRIBUTES="${ATTRIBUTES:0:(-1)}"
[ "x${ATTRIBUTES:${#ATTRIBUTES} -1:1}x" == "x/x" -o "x${ATTRIBUTES:${#ATTRIBUTES} -1:1}x" == "x?x" ] && ATTRIBUTES="${ATTRIBUTES:0:${#ATTRIBUTES} -1}"
return $CR
}
第二个:
xml_read() {
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/893585/how-to-parse-xml-in-bash
ITSACOMMENT=false
local MULTIPLE_ATTR LIGHT FORCE_PRINT XAPPLY XCOMMAND XATTRIBUTE GETCONTENT fileXml tag attributes attribute tag2print TAGPRINTED attribute2print XAPPLIED_COLOR PROSTPROCESS USAGE
local TMP LOG LOGG
LIGHT=false
FORCE_PRINT=false
XAPPLY=false
MULTIPLE_ATTR=false
XAPPLIED_COLOR=g
TAGPRINTED=false
GETCONTENT=false
PROSTPROCESS=cat
Debug=${Debug:-false}
TMP=/tmp/xml_read.$RANDOM
USAGE="${C}${FUNCNAME}${c} [-cdlp] [-x command <-a attribute>] <file.xml> [tag | \"any\"] [attributes .. | \"content\"]
${nn[2]} -c = NOCOLOR${END}
${nn[2]} -d = Debug${END}
${nn[2]} -l = LIGHT (no \"attribute=\" printed)${END}
${nn[2]} -p = FORCE PRINT (when no attributes given)${END}
${nn[2]} -x = apply a command on an attribute and print the result instead of the former value, in green color${END}
${nn[1]} (no attribute given will load their values into your shell; use '-p' to print them as well)${END}"
! (($#)) && echo2 "$USAGE" && return 99
(( $# < 2 )) && ERROR nbaram 2 0 && return 99
# getopts:
while getopts :cdlpx:a: _OPT 2>/dev/null
do
{
case ${_OPT} in
c) PROSTPROCESS="${DECOLORIZE}" ;;
d) local Debug=true ;;
l) LIGHT=true; XAPPLIED_COLOR=END ;;
p) FORCE_PRINT=true ;;
x) XAPPLY=true; XCOMMAND="${OPTARG}" ;;
a) XATTRIBUTE="${OPTARG}" ;;
*) _NOARGS="${_NOARGS}${_NOARGS+, }-${OPTARG}" ;;
esac
}
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))
unset _OPT OPTARG OPTIND
[ "X${_NOARGS}" != "X" ] && ERROR param "${_NOARGS}" 0
fileXml=$1
tag=$2
(( $# > 2 )) && shift 2 && attributes=$*
(( $# > 1 )) && MULTIPLE_ATTR=true
[ -d "${fileXml}" -o ! -s "${fileXml}" ] && ERROR empty "${fileXml}" 0 && return 1
$XAPPLY && $MULTIPLE_ATTR && [ -z "${XATTRIBUTE}" ] && ERROR param "-x command " 0 && return 2
# nb attributes == 1 because $MULTIPLE_ATTR is false
[ "${attributes}" == "content" ] && GETCONTENT=true
while xml_read_dom; do
# (( CR != 0 )) && break
(( PIPESTATUS[1] != 0 )) && break
if $ITSACOMMENT; then
# oh wait it doesn't work on IBM AIX bash 3.2.16(1):
# if [ "x${COMMENTS:(-2):2}x" == "x--x" ]; then COMMENTS="${COMMENTS:0:(-2)}" && ITSACOMMENT=false
# elif [ "x${COMMENTS:(-3):3}x" == "x-->x" ]; then COMMENTS="${COMMENTS:0:(-3)}" && ITSACOMMENT=false
if [ "x${COMMENTS:${#COMMENTS} - 2:2}x" == "x--x" ]; then COMMENTS="${COMMENTS:0:${#COMMENTS} - 2}" && ITSACOMMENT=false
elif [ "x${COMMENTS:${#COMMENTS} - 3:3}x" == "x-->x" ]; then COMMENTS="${COMMENTS:0:${#COMMENTS} - 3}" && ITSACOMMENT=false
fi
$Debug && echo2 "${N}${COMMENTS}${END}"
elif test "${TAG_NAME}"; then
if [ "x${TAG_NAME}x" == "x${tag}x" -o "x${tag}x" == "xanyx" ]; then
if $GETCONTENT; then
CONTENT="$(trim "${CONTENT}")"
test ${CONTENT} && echo "${CONTENT}"
else
# eval local $ATTRIBUTES => eval test "\"\$${attribute}\"" will be true for matching attributes
eval local $ATTRIBUTES
$Debug && (echo2 "${m}${TAG_NAME}: ${M}$ATTRIBUTES${END}"; test ${CONTENT} && echo2 "${m}CONTENT=${M}$CONTENT${END}")
if test "${attributes}"; then
if $MULTIPLE_ATTR; then
# we don't print "tag: attr=x ..." for a tag passed as argument: it's usefull only for "any" tags so then we print the matching tags found
! $LIGHT && [ "x${tag}x" == "xanyx" ] && tag2print="${g6}${TAG_NAME}: "
for attribute in ${attributes}; do
! $LIGHT && attribute2print="${g10}${attribute}${g6}=${g14}"
if eval test "\"\$${attribute}\""; then
test "${tag2print}" && ${print} "${tag2print}"
TAGPRINTED=true; unset tag2print
if [ "$XAPPLY" == "true" -a "${attribute}" == "${XATTRIBUTE}" ]; then
eval ${print} "%s%s\ " "\${attribute2print}" "\${${XAPPLIED_COLOR}}\"\$(\$XCOMMAND \$${attribute})\"\${END}" && eval unset ${attribute}
else
eval ${print} "%s%s\ " "\${attribute2print}" "\"\$${attribute}\"" && eval unset ${attribute}
fi
fi
done
# this trick prints a CR only if attributes have been printed durint the loop:
$TAGPRINTED && ${print} "\n" && TAGPRINTED=false
else
if eval test "\"\$${attributes}\""; then
if $XAPPLY; then
eval echo "\${g}\$(\$XCOMMAND \$${attributes})" && eval unset ${attributes}
else
eval echo "\$${attributes}" && eval unset ${attributes}
fi
fi
fi
else
echo eval $ATTRIBUTES >>$TMP
fi
fi
fi
fi
unset CR TAG_NAME ATTRIBUTES CONTENT COMMENTS
done < "${fileXml}" | ${PROSTPROCESS}
# http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/024
# INFO: I set variables in a "while loop" that's in a pipeline. Why do they disappear? workaround:
if [ -s "$TMP" ]; then
$FORCE_PRINT && ! $LIGHT && cat $TMP
# $FORCE_PRINT && $LIGHT && perl -pe 's/[[:space:]].*?=/ /g' $TMP
$FORCE_PRINT && $LIGHT && sed -r 's/[^\"]*([\"][^\"]*[\"][,]?)[^\"]*/\1 /g' $TMP
. $TMP
rm -f $TMP
fi
unset ITSACOMMENT
}
最后,rtrim,trim和echo2(到stderr)函数:
rtrim() {
local var=$@
var="${var%"${var##*[![:space:]]}"}" # remove trailing whitespace characters
echo -n "$var"
}
trim() {
local var=$@
var="${var#"${var%%[![:space:]]*}"}" # remove leading whitespace characters
var="${var%"${var##*[![:space:]]}"}" # remove trailing whitespace characters
echo -n "$var"
}
echo2() { echo -e "$@" 1>&2; }
哦,你需要先定义一些整洁的着色动态变量,然后导出:
set -a
TERM=xterm-256color
case ${UNAME} in
AIX|SunOS)
M=$(${print} '\033[1;35m')
m=$(${print} '\033[0;35m')
END=$(${print} '\033[0m')
;;
*)
m=$(tput setaf 5)
M=$(tput setaf 13)
# END=$(tput sgr0) # issue on Linux: it can produces ^[(B instead of ^[[0m, more likely when using screenrc
END=$(${print} '\033[0m')
;;
esac
# 24 shades of grey:
for i in $(seq 0 23); do eval g$i="$(${print} \"\\033\[38\;5\;$((232 + i))m\")" ; done
# another way of having an array of 5 shades of grey:
declare -a colorNums=(238 240 243 248 254)
for num in 0 1 2 3 4; do nn[$num]=$(${print} "\033[38;5;${colorNums[$num]}m"); NN[$num]=$(${print} "\033[48;5;${colorNums[$num]}m"); done
# piped decolorization:
DECOLORIZE='eval sed "s,${END}\[[0-9;]*[m|K],,g"'
要么你知道如何创建函数并通过FPATH(ksh)或FPATH仿真(bash)加载它们
如果没有,只需在命令行上复制/粘贴所有内容即可.
xml_read [-cdlp] [-x command <-a attribute>] <file.xml> [tag | "any"] [attributes .. | "content"]
-c = NOCOLOR
-d = Debug
-l = LIGHT (no \"attribute=\" printed)
-p = FORCE PRINT (when no attributes given)
-x = apply a command on an attribute and print the result instead of the former value, in green color
(no attribute given will load their values into your shell as $ATTRIBUTE=value; use '-p' to print them as well)
xml_read server.xml title content # print content between <title></title>
xml_read server.xml Connector port # print all port values from Connector tags
xml_read server.xml any port # print all port values from any tags
使用调试模式(-d)将注释和已解析的属性打印到stderr
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