在Android中逐帧动画导致OutOfMemoryError

Question

我在我的资源/可绘制文件夹中有很多图像作为帧(比如大约200).使用这个图像我想运行动画.最长的动画是80Frames.我成功地能够通过单击某些按钮来运行动画,但对于某些动画,它给了我OutOfMemoryError,说VM无法提供这样的内存.它超出了VM预算.我计算所有图像的大小约10MB.每个图像的大小为320x480像素.

我尝试谷歌搜索,发现我需要使用System.gc()方法显式调用垃圾收集器.我已经做到了,但我仍然得到一些时间错误的记忆.任何人都可以请帮助我.

一些代码: -

ImageView img = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.xxx);
img.setBackgroundResource(R.anim.angry_tail_animation);
AnimationDrawable mailAnimation = (AnimationDrawable) img.getBackground();
MediaPlayer player = MediaPlayer.create(this.getApplicationContext(), R.raw.angry);
    if(mailAnimation.isRunning()) {
    mailAnimation.stop();
    mailAnimation.start();
        if (player.isPlaying()) {
        player.stop();
        player.start();
    }
    else {
        player.start();
    }
}
else {
    mailAnimation.start();
        if (player.isPlaying()) {
        player.stop();
        player.start();
    }
    else {
        player.start();
    }
}

这是我在点击按钮时编写的代码.....

res/drawable/anim中的资源文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<animation-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:oneshot="true" >

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0000" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0001" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0002" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0003" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0004" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0005" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0006" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0007" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0008" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0009" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0010" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0011" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0012" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0013" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0014" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0015" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0016" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0017" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0018" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0019" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0020" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0021" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0022" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0023" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0024" android:duration="50"/>

<item android:drawable="@drawable/cat_angry0025" android:duration="50"/>

</animation-list>

**以上是setBackgroundResource中使用的资源文件,同样我还有10个文件用于其他不同的动画.**

错误日志

01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399): FATAL EXCEPTION: main
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399): java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method of the activity
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:2144)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2485)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:9080)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:587)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:92)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3683)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.view.View$1.onClick(View.java:2139)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  ... 11 more
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399): Caused by: java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: bitmap size exceeds VM budget
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.nativeDecodeAsset(Native Method)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeStream(BitmapFactory.java:460)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.graphics.BitmapFactory.decodeResourceStream(BitmapFactory.java:336)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.createFromResourceStream(Drawable.java:697)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.content.res.Resources.loadDrawable(Resources.java:1709)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.content.res.Resources.getDrawable(Resources.java:581)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.graphics.drawable.AnimationDrawable.inflate(AnimationDrawable.java:267)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.createFromXmlInner(Drawable.java:787)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.graphics.drawable.Drawable.createFromXml(Drawable.java:728)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.content.res.Resources.loadDrawable(Resources.java:1694)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.content.res.Resources.getDrawable(Resources.java:581)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at android.view.View.setBackgroundResource(View.java:7533)
01-16 22:23:41.594: E/AndroidRuntime(399):  at talking.cat.CatActivity.middleButtonClicked(CatActivity.java:83)

同样的方式我有不同的动画不同的按钮...谢谢

Answer 1

我有同样的问题.Android一次加载所有drawable,因此具有多个帧的动画会导致此错误.

我最终创建了自己的简单序列动画:

public class AnimationsContainer {
    public int FPS = 30;  // animation FPS

    // single instance procedures
    private static AnimationsContainer mInstance;

    private AnimationsContainer() {
    };

    public static AnimationsContainer getInstance() {
        if (mInstance == null)
            mInstance = new AnimationsContainer();
        return mInstance;
    }

    // animation progress dialog frames
    private int[] mProgressAnimFrames = { R.drawable.logo_30001, R.drawable.logo_30002, R.drawable.logo_30003 };

    // animation splash screen frames
    private int[] mSplashAnimFrames = { R.drawable.logo_ding200480001, R.drawable.logo_ding200480002 };


    /**
     * @param imageView 
     * @return progress dialog animation
     */
    public FramesSequenceAnimation createProgressDialogAnim(ImageView imageView) {
        return new FramesSequenceAnimation(imageView, mProgressAnimFrames);
    }

    /**
     * @param imageView
     * @return splash screen animation
     */
    public FramesSequenceAnimation createSplashAnim(ImageView imageView) {
        return new FramesSequenceAnimation(imageView, mSplashAnimFrames);
    }

    /**
     * AnimationPlayer. Plays animation frames sequence in loop
     */
public class FramesSequenceAnimation {
    private int[] mFrames; // animation frames
    private int mIndex; // current frame
    private boolean mShouldRun; // true if the animation should continue running. Used to stop the animation
    private boolean mIsRunning; // true if the animation currently running. prevents starting the animation twice
    private SoftReference<ImageView> mSoftReferenceImageView; // Used to prevent holding ImageView when it should be dead.
    private Handler mHandler;
    private int mDelayMillis;
    private OnAnimationStoppedListener mOnAnimationStoppedListener;

    private Bitmap mBitmap = null;
    private BitmapFactory.Options mBitmapOptions;

    public FramesSequenceAnimation(ImageView imageView, int[] frames, int fps) {
        mHandler = new Handler();
        mFrames = frames;
        mIndex = -1;
        mSoftReferenceImageView = new SoftReference<ImageView>(imageView);
        mShouldRun = false;
        mIsRunning = false;
        mDelayMillis = 1000 / fps;

        imageView.setImageResource(mFrames[0]);

        // use in place bitmap to save GC work (when animation images are the same size & type)
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11) {
            Bitmap bmp = ((BitmapDrawable) imageView.getDrawable()).getBitmap();
            int width = bmp.getWidth();
            int height = bmp.getHeight();
            Bitmap.Config config = bmp.getConfig();
            mBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, config);
            mBitmapOptions = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            // setup bitmap reuse options. 
            mBitmapOptions.inBitmap = mBitmap;
            mBitmapOptions.inMutable = true;
            mBitmapOptions.inSampleSize = 1;
        }
    }

    private int getNext() {
        mIndex++;
        if (mIndex >= mFrames.length)
            mIndex = 0;
        return mFrames[mIndex];
    }

    /**
     * Starts the animation
     */
    public synchronized void start() {
        mShouldRun = true;
        if (mIsRunning)
            return;

        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                ImageView imageView = mSoftReferenceImageView.get();
                if (!mShouldRun || imageView == null) {
                    mIsRunning = false;
                    if (mOnAnimationStoppedListener != null) {
                        mOnAnimationStoppedListener.AnimationStopped();
                    }
                    return;
                }

                mIsRunning = true;
                mHandler.postDelayed(this, mDelayMillis);

                if (imageView.isShown()) {
                    int imageRes = getNext();
                    if (mBitmap != null) { // so Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 11
                        Bitmap bitmap = null;
                        try {
                            bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(imageView.getResources(), imageRes, mBitmapOptions);
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        if (bitmap != null) {
                            imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                        } else {
                            imageView.setImageResource(imageRes);
                            mBitmap.recycle();
                            mBitmap = null;
                        }
                    } else {
                        imageView.setImageResource(imageRes);
                    }
                }

            }
        };

        mHandler.post(runnable);
    }

        /**
         * Stops the animation
         */
        public synchronized void stop() {
            mShouldRun = false;
        }
    }
}

用法:

FramesSequenceAnimation anim = AnimationsContainer.getInstance().createSplashAnim(mSplashImageView);
anim.start();

• 不要忘记阻止它......

Answer 2

我假设你的动画帧图像是压缩的(PNG或JPG).压缩大小对于计算显示它们需要多少内存没有用.为此,您需要考虑未压缩的大小.这将是像素数(320x480)乘以每像素的字节数,通常为4(32位).对于您的图像,每个将是614,400字节.对于您提供的26帧动画示例,将需要总共15,974,400个字节来保存所有帧的原始位图数据,而不计算对象开销.

看一下源代码AnimationDrawable,它似乎会立即将所有帧加载到内存中,这基本上是为了获得良好的性能.

是否可以分配这么多内存是非常依赖于系统的.我至少建议在真实设备而不是模拟器上尝试这个.您也可以尝试调整模拟器的可用RAM大小,但这只是猜测.

有一些方法可用于BitmapFactory.inPreferredConfig以更高内存效率的格式(如RGB 565(而不是ARGB 8888))加载位图.这样可以节省一些空间,但仍然可能还不够.

如果您不能一次分配那么多内存,则必须考虑其他选项.大多数高性能图形应用程序(例如游戏)从较小图形(精灵)或2D或3D图元(矩形,三角形)的组合中绘制图形.为每个帧绘制一个全屏位图实际上与渲染视频相同; 不一定是效率最高的.

动画的整个内容是否随每帧而变化？另一个优化可能是仅动画实际更改的部分,并切断您的位图以解决这个问题.

总而言之,您需要找到一种使用更少内存绘制动画的方法.有很多选项,但它很大程度上取决于动画的外观.

Answer 3

我花了很多时间在这上面,有两种不同的解决方案,都很好..

首先,问题是:1)Android以未压缩的Bitmap格式将所有图像加载到RAM中.2)Android使用资源缩放,因此在具有xxxhdpi显示的手机(例如LG G3)上,每个帧占用一个TON空间,因此您很快就会耗尽RAM.

解决方案#1

1)绕过Android的资源扩展.2)将所有文件的字节数存储在内存中(这些文件很小,特别是对于JPEG).3)逐帧生成位图,因此几乎不可能用完RAM.

缺点:当Android为新的Bitmaps分配内存并回收旧的Bitmaps时,它会阻止您的日志.它在旧设备上也表现糟糕(Galaxy S1),但在目前的预算手机上表现不错(阅读:10美元Alcatel C1我在BestBuy购买).下面的第二个解决方案在旧设备上表现更好,但在某些情况下仍可能用完RAM.

public class MyAnimationDrawable {
public static class MyFrame {
    byte[] bytes;
    int duration;
    Drawable drawable;
    boolean isReady = false;
}


public interface OnDrawableLoadedListener {
    public void onDrawableLoaded(List<MyFrame> myFrames);
}

public static void loadRaw(final int resourceId, final Context context, final OnDrawableLoadedListener onDrawableLoadedListener) {
    loadFromXml(resourceId, context, onDrawableLoadedListener);
}

private static void loadFromXml(final int resourceId, final Context context, final OnDrawableLoadedListener onDrawableLoadedListener) {
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            final ArrayList<MyFrame> myFrames = new ArrayList<>();

            XmlResourceParser parser = context.getResources().getXml(resourceId);

            try {
                int eventType = parser.getEventType();
                while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    if (eventType == XmlPullParser.START_DOCUMENT) {

                    } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {

                        if (parser.getName().equals("item")) {
                            byte[] bytes = null;
                            int duration = 1000;

                            for (int i=0; i<parser.getAttributeCount(); i++) {
                                if (parser.getAttributeName(i).equals("drawable")) {
                                    int resId = Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(i).substring(1));
                                    bytes = IOUtils.toByteArray(context.getResources().openRawResource(resId));
                                }
                                else if (parser.getAttributeName(i).equals("duration")) {
                                    duration = parser.getAttributeIntValue(i, 1000);
                                }
                            }

                            MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
                            myFrame.bytes = bytes;
                            myFrame.duration = duration;
                            myFrames.add(myFrame);
                        }

                    } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.END_TAG) {

                    } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {

                    }

                    eventType = parser.next();
                }
            }
            catch (IOException | XmlPullParserException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            // Run on UI Thread
            new Handler(context.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    if (onDrawableLoadedListener != null) {
                        onDrawableLoadedListener.onDrawableLoaded(myFrames);
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }).run();
}

public static void animateRawManually(int resourceId, final ImageView imageView, final Runnable onStart, final Runnable onComplete) {
    loadRaw(resourceId, imageView.getContext(), new OnDrawableLoadedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onDrawableLoaded(List<MyFrame> myFrames) {
            if (onStart != null) {
                onStart.run();
            }

            animateRawManually(myFrames, imageView, onComplete);
        }
    });
}

public static void animateRawManually(List<MyFrame> myFrames, ImageView imageView, Runnable onComplete) {
    animateRawManually(myFrames, imageView, onComplete, 0);
}

private static void animateRawManually(final List<MyFrame> myFrames, final ImageView imageView, final Runnable onComplete, final int frameNumber) {
    final MyFrame thisFrame = myFrames.get(frameNumber);

    if (frameNumber == 0) {
        thisFrame.drawable = new BitmapDrawable(imageView.getContext().getResources(), BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(thisFrame.bytes, 0, thisFrame.bytes.length));
    }
    else {
        MyFrame previousFrame = myFrames.get(frameNumber - 1);
        ((BitmapDrawable) previousFrame.drawable).getBitmap().recycle();
        previousFrame.drawable = null;
        previousFrame.isReady = false;
    }

    imageView.setImageDrawable(thisFrame.drawable);
    new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            // Make sure ImageView hasn't been changed to a different Image in this time
            if (imageView.getDrawable() == thisFrame.drawable) {
                if (frameNumber + 1 < myFrames.size()) {
                    MyFrame nextFrame = myFrames.get(frameNumber+1);

                    if (nextFrame.isReady) {
                        // Animate next frame
                        animateRawManually(myFrames, imageView, onComplete, frameNumber + 1);
                    }
                    else {
                        nextFrame.isReady = true;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if (onComplete != null) {
                        onComplete.run();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }, thisFrame.duration);

    // Load next frame
    if (frameNumber + 1 < myFrames.size()) {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                MyFrame nextFrame = myFrames.get(frameNumber+1);
                nextFrame.drawable = new BitmapDrawable(imageView.getContext().getResources(), BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(nextFrame.bytes, 0, nextFrame.bytes.length));
                if (nextFrame.isReady) {
                    // Animate next frame
                    animateRawManually(myFrames, imageView, onComplete, frameNumber + 1);
                }
                else {
                    nextFrame.isReady = true;
                }

            }
        }).run();
    }
}
}

**解决方案#2**

它加载XML资源,解析它并加载原始资源 - 从而绕过Android的资源扩展(负责大多数OutOfMemoryExceptions),并创建一个AnimationDrawable.

优点:在旧设备上表现更好(例如Galaxy S1)

缺点:仍然可以用完RAM,因为它将所有未压缩的位图保存在内存中(但它们较小,因为它们不像Android通常缩放图像那样缩放)

public static void animateManuallyFromRawResource(int animationDrawableResourceId, ImageView imageView, Runnable onStart, Runnable onComplete) {
    AnimationDrawable animationDrawable = new AnimationDrawable();

    XmlResourceParser parser = imageView.getContext().getResources().getXml(animationDrawableResourceId);

    try {
        int eventType = parser.getEventType();
        while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
            if (eventType == XmlPullParser.START_DOCUMENT) {

            } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {

                if (parser.getName().equals("item")) {
                    Drawable drawable = null;
                    int duration = 1000;

                    for (int i=0; i<parser.getAttributeCount(); i++) {
                        if (parser.getAttributeName(i).equals("drawable")) {
                            int resId = Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(i).substring(1));
                            byte[] bytes = IoUtils.readBytes(imageView.getContext().getResources().openRawResource(resId));
                            drawable = new BitmapDrawable(imageView.getContext().getResources(), BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(bytes, 0, bytes.length));
                        }
                        else if (parser.getAttributeName(i).equals("duration")) {
                            duration = parser.getAttributeIntValue(i, 66);
                        }
                    }

                    animationDrawable.addFrame(drawable, duration);
                }

            } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.END_TAG) {

            } else if (eventType == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {

            }

            eventType = parser.next();
        }
    }
    catch (IOException | XmlPullParserException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    if (onStart != null) {
        onStart.run();
    }
    animateDrawableManually(animationDrawable, imageView, onComplete, 0);
}

private static void animateDrawableManually(final AnimationDrawable animationDrawable, final ImageView imageView, final Runnable onComplete, final int frameNumber) {
    final Drawable frame = animationDrawable.getFrame(frameNumber);
    imageView.setImageDrawable(frame);
    new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            // Make sure ImageView hasn't been changed to a different Image in this time
            if (imageView.getDrawable() == frame) {
                if (frameNumber + 1 < animationDrawable.getNumberOfFrames()) {
                    // Animate next frame
                    animateDrawableManually(animationDrawable, imageView, onComplete, frameNumber + 1);
                }
                else {
                    // Animation complete
                    if (onComplete != null) {
                        onComplete.run();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }, animationDrawable.getDuration(frameNumber));
}

如果您仍然遇到内存问题,请使用较小的图像...或存储资源名称+持续时间,并在每个帧上生成字节数组+ Drawable.这几乎肯定会导致帧之间过多的斩波,但使用几乎为零的RAM.