什么是NLTK POS tagger要我下载？

Question

我刚开始使用词性标注器,我遇到了很多问题.

我用以下内容开始了POS标记:

import nltk
text=nltk.word_tokenize("We are going out.Just you and me.")

当我想要打印时'text',会发生以下情况:

print nltk.pos_tag(text)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "F:\Python26\lib\site-packages\nltk\tag\__init__.py", line 63, in pos_tag
tagger = nltk.data.load(_POS_TAGGER)
File "F:\Python26\lib\site-packages\nltk\data.py", line 594, in load
resource_val = pickle.load(_open(resource_url))
File "F:\Python26\lib\site-packages\nltk\data.py", line 673, in _open
 return find(path).open()
 File "F:\Python26\lib\site-packages\nltk\data.py", line 455, in find
   raise LookupError(resource_not_found)`  
LookupError:
 Resource 'taggers/maxent_treebank_pos_tagger/english.pickle' not
 found.  Please use the NLTK Downloader to obtain the resource:

>>> nltk.download().

 Searched in:
    - 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator/nltk_data'
    - 'C:\\nltk_data'
    - 'D:\\nltk_data'
    - 'E:\\nltk_data'
    - 'F:\\Python26\\nltk_data'
    - 'F:\\Python26\\lib\\nltk_data'
    - 'C:\\Documents and Settings\\Administrator\\Application Data\\nltk_data'

我用过,nltk.download()但没用.

Answer 1

键入nltk.download()Python时,会自动显示NLTK Downloader界面.
单击Models并选择maxent_treebank_pos_.它会自动安装.

import nltk 
text=nltk.word_tokenize("We are going out.Just you and me.")
print nltk.pos_tag(text)
[('We', 'PRP'), ('are', 'VBP'), ('going', 'VBG'), ('out.Just', 'JJ'),
 ('you', 'PRP'), ('and', 'CC'), ('me', 'PRP'), ('.', '.')]

Answer 2

从NLTK高于v3.2的版本,请使用:

>>> import nltk
>>> nltk.__version__
'3.2.1'
>>> nltk.download('averaged_perceptron_tagger')
[nltk_data] Downloading package averaged_perceptron_tagger to
[nltk_data]     /home/alvas/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Package averaged_perceptron_tagger is already up-to-date!
True

对于NLTK使用旧MaxEnt模型的版本,即v3.1及更低版本,请使用:

>>> import nltk
>>> nltk.download('maxent_treebank_pos_tagger')
[nltk_data] Downloading package maxent_treebank_pos_tagger to
[nltk_data]     /home/alvas/nltk_data...
[nltk_data]   Package maxent_treebank_pos_tagger is already up-to-date!
True

有关默认更改的更多详细信息pos_tag,请参阅https://github.com/nltk/nltk/pull/1143

Answer 3

从shell /终端,您可以使用:

python -m nltk.downloader maxent_treebank_pos_tagger

(可能需要在Linux上使用sudo)

它将安装maxent_treebank_pos_tagger(即NLTK中的标准树库POS标记器)并修复您的问题.