bat文件替换文本文件中的字符串

Question

这个问题已经在stackoverflow上被问了很多,但我似乎无法使它工作.任何提示赞赏.这是一个包含需要删除的违规文本的文本文件(扩展名.mpl):

plotsetup('ps', 'plotoutput = "plotfile.eps"', 'plotoptions' = "color=rgb,landscape,noborder");
print(PLOT3D(MESH(Array(1..60, 1..60, 1..3, [[[.85840734641021,0.,-0.],
[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],[.857971665313419,.0917163905694189,-.16720239349226],
... more like that ...
[.858407346410207,-3.25992468340355e-015,5.96532373555817e-015]]], datatype = float[8], order = C_order)),SHADING(ZHUE),STYLE(PATCHNOGRID),TRANSPARENCY(.3),LIGHTMODEL(LIGHT_4),ORIENTATION(35.,135.),SCALING(CONSTRAINED),AXESSTYLE(NORMAL)));

我想删除每个实例:

[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],

并且有成千上万的这种情况!注意:要删除方括号和逗号.没有空间,所以我有以下页面和页面:

[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],   
[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],   
[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],

我不会在这里列出所有失败的尝试.以下是我最接近的:

@echo off

SetLocal 
cd /d %~dp0

if exist testCleaned.mpl del testCleaned.mpl

SetLocal EnableDelayedExpansion

Set OldString=[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],
Set NewString=

pause

FOR /F "tokens=* delims= " %%I IN (test.mpl) DO (
    set str=%%I
    set str=!str:OldString=NewString!
    echo !str! >> testCleaned.mpl
    endlocal
)

EndLocal

以上是从网上找到的代码片段串起来的,特别是在stackoverflow,例如搜索和替换批处理文件的问题

它的作用是产生一个截断的文件,如下所示:

plotsetup('ps', 'plotoutput = "plotfile.eps"', 'plotoptions' = "color=rgb,landscape,noborder"); 
!str! 

请不要犹豫,要求澄清.如果您觉得这个问题已经得到解答,请道歉.如果你能为我复制粘贴相关代码,我将非常感谢,因为我已经尝试了几个小时.

额外奖励:这种自动命名能够起作用吗？" %%~nICleaned.mpl"

Answer 1

您现有代码的最大问题SetLocal enableDelayedExpansion是错失位置 - 它应该在循环之后set str=%%I.

其他问题:

• 将剥开线条开头;
• 将从每一行中删除前导空格
• 将删除空白(空)行
• ECHO is off如果任何行变空或将在替换后仅包含空格,则将打印
• 将在每一行的末尾添加额外的空间(直到我读到jeb的答案时才注意到这一点)

优化问题 - 使用>>可能相对较慢.将整个循环包含在()中然后使用会更快>

下面是关于Windows批处理的最佳方法.我按要求自动命名输出,做得更好 - 它自动保留原始名称的扩展名.

@echo off
SetLocal
cd /d %~dp0
Set "OldString=[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],"
Set "NewString="
set file="test.mpl"
for %%F in (%file%) do set outFile="%%~nFCleaned%%~xF"
pause
(
  for /f "skip=2 delims=" %%a in ('find /n /v "" %file%') do (
    set "ln=%%a"
    setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
    set "ln=!ln:*]=!"
    if defined ln set "ln=!ln:%OldString%=%NewString%!"
    echo(!ln!
    endlocal
  )
)>%outFile%

已知限制

• 在替换之前和之后,限制为每行略低于8k
• 搜索字符串不能包含=或!,也不能以*或开头~
• 替换字符串不能包含 !
• 搜索和替换的搜索部分不区分大小写
• 最后一行总是以换行结束,<CR><LF>即使原作没有

除了第一个限制之外的所有限制都可以消除,但它需要大量代码,并且可能会非常慢.解决方案需要逐行字符搜索每一行.最后一个限制将需要一些尴尬的测试来确定最后一行是否是换行符,<nul SET /P "ln=!ln!"如果没有换行符,则必须使用技巧打印最后一行.

有趣的特征(或限制,取决于观点)

• Unix样式文件的结尾<LF>行将转换为Windows样式,行以.结尾<CR><LF>

使用批处理的其他解决方案明显更快,但它们都有更多限制.

更新 - 我发布了一个新的纯批处理解决方案,它能够进行区分大小写的搜索,对搜索或替换字符串内容没有限制.它对行长度,尾随控制字符和行格式有更多限制.性能也不错,特别是如果替换次数很少. http://www.dostips.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=2710

附录

根据以下评论,由于行长度限制,批处理解决方案不适用于此特定问题.

但是这个代码是基于批处理的搜索和替换实用程序的良好基础,只要您愿意忍受批处理的限制和相对较差的性能.

有更好的文本处理工具可用,但它们不是Windows的标准.我最喜欢的是在GNU Utilities for Win32包中.这些实用程序是免费的,不需要任何安装.

这是使用GNU实用程序的Windows的sed解决方案

@echo off
setlocal
cd /d %~dp0
Set "OldString=\[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)\],"
Set "NewString="
set file="test.mpl"
for %%F in (%file%) do set outFile="%%~nFCleaned%%~xF"
pause
sed -e"s/%OldString%/%NewString%/g" <%file% >%outfile%

更新2013-02-19

如果您在具有禁止从Web下载的可执行文件的安装规则的站点上工作,则sed可能不是一个选项.

JScript具有良好的正则表达式处理能力,它是所有现代Windows平台(包括XP)的标准配置.它是在Windows平台上执行搜索和替换操作的不错选择.

我编写了一个混合JScript/Batch搜索和替换脚本(REPL.BAT),它很容易从批处理脚本调用.少量代码提供了许多强大的功能; 没有像sed那么强大,但足以处理这个任务,以及许多其他任务.它也非常快,比任何纯批量解决方案都快得多.它也没有任何固有的线路长度限制.

这是一个批处理脚本,它使用我的REPL.BAT实用程序来完成任务.

@echo off
setlocal
cd /d %~dp0
Set "OldString=[HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined),HFloat(undefined)],"
Set "NewString="
set file="test.txt"
for %%F in (%file%) do set outFile="%%~nFCleaned%%~xF"
pause
call repl OldString NewString le <%file% >%outfile%

我使用该L选项指定文字搜索字符串而不是正则表达式,并E选择通过名称传递搜索和替换字符串,而不是在命令行上使用字符串文字.

这是上面代码调用的REPL.BAT实用程序脚本.完整的文档包含在脚本中.

@if (@X)==(@Y) @end /* Harmless hybrid line that begins a JScript comment

::************ Documentation ***********
:::
:::REPL  Search  Replace  [Options  [SourceVar]]
:::REPL  /?
:::
:::  Performs a global search and replace operation on each line of input from
:::  stdin and prints the result to stdout.
:::
:::  Each parameter may be optionally enclosed by double quotes. The double
:::  quotes are not considered part of the argument. The quotes are required
:::  if the parameter contains a batch token delimiter like space, tab, comma,
:::  semicolon. The quotes should also be used if the argument contains a
:::  batch special character like &, |, etc. so that the special character
:::  does not need to be escaped with ^.
:::
:::  If called with a single argument of /? then prints help documentation
:::  to stdout.
:::
:::  Search  - By default this is a case sensitive JScript (ECMA) regular
:::            expression expressed as a string.
:::
:::            JScript syntax documentation is available at
:::            http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ae5bf541(v=vs.80).aspx
:::
:::  Replace - By default this is the string to be used as a replacement for
:::            each found search expression. Full support is provided for
:::            substituion patterns available to the JScript replace method.
:::            A $ literal can be escaped as $$. An empty replacement string
:::            must be represented as "".
:::
:::            Replace substitution pattern syntax is documented at
:::            http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/efy6s3e6(v=vs.80).aspx
:::
:::  Options - An optional string of characters used to alter the behavior
:::            of REPL. The option characters are case insensitive, and may
:::            appear in any order.
:::
:::            I - Makes the search case-insensitive.
:::
:::            L - The Search is treated as a string literal instead of a
:::                regular expression. Also, all $ found in Replace are
:::                treated as $ literals.
:::
:::            E - Search and Replace represent the name of environment
:::                variables that contain the respective values. An undefined
:::                variable is treated as an empty string.
:::
:::            M - Multi-line mode. The entire contents of stdin is read and
:::                processed in one pass instead of line by line. ^ anchors
:::                the beginning of a line and $ anchors the end of a line.
:::
:::            X - Enables extended substitution pattern syntax with support
:::                for the following escape sequences:
:::
:::                \\     -  Backslash
:::                \b     -  Backspace
:::                \f     -  Formfeed
:::                \n     -  Newline
:::                \r     -  Carriage Return
:::                \t     -  Horizontal Tab
:::                \v     -  Vertical Tab
:::                \xnn   -  Ascii (Latin 1) character expressed as 2 hex digits
:::                \unnnn -  Unicode character expressed as 4 hex digits
:::
:::                Escape sequences are supported even when the L option is used.
:::
:::            S - The source is read from an environment variable instead of
:::                from stdin. The name of the source environment variable is
:::                specified in the next argument after the option string.
:::

::************ Batch portion ***********
@echo off
if .%2 equ . (
  if "%~1" equ "/?" (
    findstr "^:::" "%~f0" | cscript //E:JScript //nologo "%~f0" "^:::" ""
    exit /b 0
  ) else (
    call :err "Insufficient arguments"
    exit /b 1
  )
)
echo(%~3|findstr /i "[^SMILEX]" >nul && (
  call :err "Invalid option(s)"
  exit /b 1
)
cscript //E:JScript //nologo "%~f0" %*
exit /b 0

:err
>&2 echo ERROR: %~1. Use REPL /? to get help.
exit /b

************* JScript portion **********/
var env=WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell").Environment("Process");
var args=WScript.Arguments;
var search=args.Item(0);
var replace=args.Item(1);
var options="g";
if (args.length>2) {
  options+=args.Item(2).toLowerCase();
}
var multi=(options.indexOf("m")>=0);
var srcVar=(options.indexOf("s")>=0);
if (srcVar) {
  options=options.replace(/s/g,"");
}
if (options.indexOf("e")>=0) {
  options=options.replace(/e/g,"");
  search=env(search);
  replace=env(replace);
}
if (options.indexOf("l")>=0) {
  options=options.replace(/l/g,"");
  search=search.replace(/([.^$*+?()[{\\|])/g,"\\$1");
  replace=replace.replace(/\$/g,"$$$$");
}
if (options.indexOf("x")>=0) {
  options=options.replace(/x/g,"");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\\\/g,"\\B");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\b/g,"\b");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\f/g,"\f");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\n/g,"\n");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\r/g,"\r");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\t/g,"\t");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\v/g,"\v");
  replace=replace.replace(/\\x[0-9a-fA-F]{2}|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}/g,
    function($0,$1,$2){
      return String.fromCharCode(parseInt("0x"+$0.substring(2)));
    }
  );
  replace=replace.replace(/\\B/g,"\\");
}
var search=new RegExp(search,options);

if (srcVar) {
  WScript.Stdout.Write(env(args.Item(3)).replace(search,replace));
} else {
  while (!WScript.StdIn.AtEndOfStream) {
    if (multi) {
      WScript.Stdout.Write(WScript.StdIn.ReadAll().replace(search,replace));
    } else {
      WScript.Stdout.WriteLine(WScript.StdIn.ReadLine().replace(search,replace));
    }
  }
}