c中未定义的引用...我做错了什么？

Question

我有以下代码...这是投掷main.cpp:18: undefined reference to phrase_init()来自C#经验C有点烦人,特别是当试图找出问题所在:(任何想法或指针将不胜感激!

phrase.h:

#ifndef PHRASE_H
#define PHRASE_H

typedef struct
{
    char* Word1;
    char* Word2;
} Phrase;

Phrase* phrase_init(void);

#endif

Phrase.c:

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "phrase.h"

Phrase* phrase_init()
{
    Phrase* phrase = (Phrase *)malloc(sizeof(Phrase));

    phrase->Word1 = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char));
    phrase->Word2 = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char));

    return phrase;
}

main.c中

#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cctype>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "phrase.h"

int main(int argc, char** argv) {

    char* word1 = "Testing";
    char* word2 = "Word2";

    Phrase* test = phrase_init();
    strcpy(test->Word1, word1);
    strcpy(test->Word2, word2);

    printf("Word 1: %s", test->Word1);
    printf("Word 2: %s", test->Word2);

    scanf("%s", word1);

}

Makefile文件:

#
#  There exist several targets which are by default empty and which can be 
#  used for execution of your targets. These targets are usually executed 
#  before and after some main targets. They are: 
#
#     .build-pre:              called before 'build' target
#     .build-post:             called after 'build' target
#     .clean-pre:              called before 'clean' target
#     .clean-post:             called after 'clean' target
#     .clobber-pre:            called before 'clobber' target
#     .clobber-post:           called after 'clobber' target
#     .all-pre:                called before 'all' target
#     .all-post:               called after 'all' target
#     .help-pre:               called before 'help' target
#     .help-post:              called after 'help' target
#
#  Targets beginning with '.' are not intended to be called on their own.
#
#  Main targets can be executed directly, and they are:
#  
#     build                    build a specific configuration
#     clean                    remove built files from a configuration
#     clobber                  remove all built files
#     all                      build all configurations
#     help                     print help mesage
#  
#  Targets .build-impl, .clean-impl, .clobber-impl, .all-impl, and
#  .help-impl are implemented in nbproject/makefile-impl.mk.
#
#  Available make variables:
#
#     CND_BASEDIR                base directory for relative paths
#     CND_DISTDIR                default top distribution directory (build artifacts)
#     CND_BUILDDIR               default top build directory (object files, ...)
#     CONF                       name of current configuration
#     CND_PLATFORM_${CONF}       platform name (current configuration)
#     CND_ARTIFACT_DIR_${CONF}   directory of build artifact (current configuration)
#     CND_ARTIFACT_NAME_${CONF}  name of build artifact (current configuration)
#     CND_ARTIFACT_PATH_${CONF}  path to build artifact (current configuration)
#     CND_PACKAGE_DIR_${CONF}    directory of package (current configuration)
#     CND_PACKAGE_NAME_${CONF}   name of package (current configuration)
#     CND_PACKAGE_PATH_${CONF}   path to package (current configuration)
#
# NOCDDL


# Environment 
MKDIR=mkdir
CP=cp
CCADMIN=CCadmin


# build
build: .build-post

.build-pre:
# Add your pre 'build' code here...

.build-post: .build-impl
# Add your post 'build' code here...


# clean
clean: .clean-post

.clean-pre:
# Add your pre 'clean' code here...

.clean-post: .clean-impl
# Add your post 'clean' code here...


# clobber
clobber: .clobber-post

.clobber-pre:
# Add your pre 'clobber' code here...

.clobber-post: .clobber-impl
# Add your post 'clobber' code here...


# all
all: .all-post

.all-pre:
# Add your pre 'all' code here...

.all-post: .all-impl
# Add your post 'all' code here...


# build tests
build-tests: .build-tests-post

.build-tests-pre:
# Add your pre 'build-tests' code here...

.build-tests-post: .build-tests-impl
# Add your post 'build-tests' code here...


# run tests
test: .test-post

.test-pre:
# Add your pre 'test' code here...

.test-post: .test-impl
# Add your post 'test' code here...


# help
help: .help-post

.help-pre:
# Add your pre 'help' code here...

.help-post: .help-impl
# Add your post 'help' code here...



# include project implementation makefile
include nbproject/Makefile-impl.mk

# include project make variables
include nbproject/Makefile-variables.mk

Answer 1

您必须告诉链接器在哪里找到符号.

例如:

g++ -c phrase.cpp            # creates phrase.o which defines phrase_init()
g++ -c main.cpp              # creates main.o which refers to phrase_init()
g++ phrase.o main.o -o main  # creates executable file "main"

或者,在一个命令中执行以上所有操作:

g++ phrase.cpp main.cpp -o main

请注意,我假设两个源文件都是C++,并以.cpp扩展名命名.您的问题涉及带有扩展名.c和.cpp扩展名的文件,问题标记为c ++.

如果您正在使用C,那么您不应该使用特定于C++的标头main.c,而应该使用gcc而不是g++.

如果您使用的是C++,那么您的所有源文件都应该有.cpp后缀,您应该使用它们g++.

如果你正在尝试混合使用C和C++,那么你应该使用,extern "C"这样编译器就会知道你在做什么(但通常使用纯C++更容易).