Sar*_*ica 105 python unit-testing mocking
我正在使用Python的模拟,并想知道这两种方法中的哪一种更好(阅读:更多pythonic).
方法一:只需创建一个模拟对象并使用它.代码如下:
def test_one (self):
mock = Mock()
mock.method.return_value = True
self.sut.something(mock) # This should called mock.method and checks the result.
self.assertTrue(mock.method.called)
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方法二:使用补丁创建模拟.代码如下:
@patch("MyClass")
def test_two (self, mock):
instance = mock.return_value
instance.method.return_value = True
self.sut.something(instance) # This should called mock.method and checks the result.
self.assertTrue(instance.method.called)
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两种方法都做同样的事情.我不确定这些差异.
谁能开导我?
D.S*_*ley 143
mock.patch是一个非常不同的生物mock.Mock. patch 用模拟对象替换类,并允许您使用模拟实例.看一下这个片段:
>>> class MyClass(object):
... def __init__(self):
... print 'Created MyClass@{0}'.format(id(self))
...
>>> def create_instance():
... return MyClass()
...
>>> x = create_instance()
Created MyClass@4299548304
>>>
>>> @mock.patch('__main__.MyClass')
... def create_instance2(MyClass):
... MyClass.return_value = 'foo'
... return create_instance()
...
>>> i = create_instance2()
>>> i
'foo'
>>> def create_instance():
... print MyClass
... return MyClass()
...
>>> create_instance2()
<mock.Mock object at 0x100505d90>
'foo'
>>> create_instance()
<class '__main__.MyClass'>
Created MyClass@4300234128
<__main__.MyClass object at 0x100505d90>
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patch替换MyClass方式允许您控制您调用的函数中的类的用法.修补类后,对类的引用将完全被mock实例替换.
mock.patch当你测试在测试中创建类的新实例的东西时,通常会使用它. mock.Mock实例更清晰,更受欢迎.如果您的self.sut.something方法创建了一个实例,MyClass而不是接收一个实例作为参数,那么mock.patch这里是合适的.
Mik*_*Two 19
我有关于此的YouTube视频.
简短的回答:mock当你传递你想要嘲笑的东西时使用,patch如果你不是.在这两者中,mock非常受欢迎,因为它意味着您正在编写具有适当依赖注入的代码.
愚蠢的例子:
# Use a mock to test this.
my_custom_tweeter(twitter_api, sentence):
sentence.replace('cks','x') # We're cool and hip.
twitter_api.send(sentence)
# Use a patch to mock out twitter_api. You have to patch the Twitter() module/class
# and have it return a mock. Much uglier, but sometimes necessary.
my_badly_written_tweeter(sentence):
twitter_api = Twitter(user="XXX", password="YYY")
sentence.replace('cks','x')
twitter_api.send(sentence)
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And*_*yko 10
在上面的问题中,正确的答案是使用Mock,或者更精确create_autospec(因为它将向您正在模拟的类的模拟方法添加规范),spec模拟上定义的在尝试调用的情况下会有所帮助不存在的类的方法(不管签名),请看一些
from unittest import TestCase
from unittest.mock import Mock, create_autospec, patch
class MyClass:
@staticmethod
def method(foo, bar):
print(foo)
def something(some_class: MyClass):
arg = 1
# Would fail becuase of wrong parameters passed to methd.
return some_class.method(arg)
def second(some_class: MyClass):
arg = 1
return some_class.unexisted_method(arg)
class TestSomethingTestCase(TestCase):
def test_something_with_autospec(self):
mock = create_autospec(MyClass)
mock.method.return_value = True
# Fails because of signature misuse.
result = something(mock)
self.assertTrue(result)
self.assertTrue(mock.method.called)
def test_something(self):
mock = Mock() # Note that Mock(spec=MyClass) will also pass, because signatures of mock don't have spec.
mock.method.return_value = True
result = something(mock)
self.assertTrue(result)
self.assertTrue(mock.method.called)
def test_second_with_patch_autospec(self):
with patch(f'{__name__}.MyClass', autospec=True) as mock:
# Fails because of signature misuse.
result = second(mock)
self.assertTrue(result)
self.assertTrue(mock.unexisted_method.called)
class TestSecondTestCase(TestCase):
def test_second_with_autospec(self):
mock = Mock(spec=MyClass)
# Fails because of signature misuse.
result = second(mock)
self.assertTrue(result)
self.assertTrue(mock.unexisted_method.called)
def test_second_with_patch_autospec(self):
with patch(f'{__name__}.MyClass', autospec=True) as mock:
# Fails because of signature misuse.
result = second(mock)
self.assertTrue(result)
self.assertTrue(mock.unexisted_method.called)
def test_second(self):
mock = Mock()
mock.unexisted_method.return_value = True
result = second(mock)
self.assertTrue(result)
self.assertTrue(mock.unexisted_method.called)
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使用已定义规范的测试用例失败,因为调用的方法something和second函数与 MyClass不兼容,这意味着 - 它们捕获错误,而默认值Mock将显示。
作为旁注,还有一个选项:使用patch.object来模拟调用的类方法。
当类用作函数的内部部分时,补丁的良好用例将是这种情况:
def something():
arg = 1
return MyClass.method(arg)
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然后你会想要使用补丁作为装饰器来模拟 MyClass。