Python多重继承中调用双亲的构造函数（一般情况）

Question

我试图弄清楚Python中的多重继承，但我找到的所有文章都仅限于简单的情况。让我们考虑以下示例：

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
        self.name = name
        print(f'Creating a Vehicle: {name}')

    def __del__(self):
        print(f'Deleting a Vehicle: {self.name}')


class Car(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, name: str, n_wheels: int) -> None:
        super().__init__(name)
        self.wheels = n_wheels
        print(f'Creating a Car: {name}')

    def __del__(self):
        print(f'Deleting a Car: {self.name}')


class Boat(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, name: str, n_props: int) -> None:
        super().__init__(name)
        self.propellers = n_props
        print(f'Creating a Boat: {name}')

    def __del__(self):
        print(f'Deleting a Boat: {self.name}')


class Amfibii(Car, Boat):
    def __init__(self, name: str, n_wheels: int, n_props: int) -> None:
        Car.__init__(self, name, n_wheels)
        Boat.__init__(self, name, n_props)
        print(f'Creating an Amfibii: {name}')

    def __del__(self):
        print(f'Deleting an Amfibii: {self.name}')


my_vehicle = Amfibii('Mazda', 4, 2)

我想了解调用构造函数和析构函数的顺序，以及“super”关键字的正确和一般用法。在上面的示例中，我收到以下错误：

super().__init__(name) 类型错误：Boat.__init__()缺少 1 个必需的位置参数：'n_props'

我应该如何正确调用具有不同构造函数参数集的父级构造函数？

Answer 1

感谢评论和下面的文章，我明白了。https://rhettinger.wordpress.com/2011/05/26/super-considered-super/

1. 关于构造函数的参数，它们应该被命名。通过这种方式，每个级别都会剥离它需要的内容并将其传递到下一个级别super()

2. 每个班级super().__init__()只调用一次。MRO 顺序中的以下类负责继续初始化。

更新后的示例：

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
        self.name = name
        print(f'Creating a Vehicle: {name}')

    def go(self):
        print('Somehow moving...')
        assert not hasattr(super(), 'go')


class Car(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, n_wheels: int,  **kwargs) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.wheels = n_wheels
        print(f'Creating a Car: {self.name}')

    def go(self):
        print('Riding...')
        super().go()


class Boat(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, n_props, **kwargs) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.propellers = n_props
        print(f'Creating a Boat: {self.name}')

    def go(self):
        print('Swimming...')
        super().go()


class Amfibii(Car, Boat):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs) -> None:
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        print(f'Creating an Amfibii: {self.name}')

    def go(self):
        print('Riding or swimming...')
        super().go()


my_vehicle = Amfibii(name='Mazda', n_wheels=4, n_props=2)
my_vehicle.go()

这有点麻烦（温和地说），不是吗？

编辑：我根据评论更新了代码。