错误：无法为枕头构建轮子，这是安装基于 pyproject.toml 的项目所必需的

Question

尝试在我的 Django 项目中使用 Pillow。尝试安装不同版本的枕头。

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pip install pillow\nCollecting pillow\n  Using cached Pillow-10.0.0.tar.gz (50.5 MB)\n  Installing build dependencies ... done\n  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done\n  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done\nBuilding wheels for collected packages: pillow\n  Building wheel for pillow (pyproject.toml) ... error\n  error: subprocess-exited-with-error\n  \n  \xc3\x97 Building wheel for pillow (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.\n  \xe2\x94\x82 exit code: 1\n  \xe2\x95\xb0\xe2\x94\x80> [198 lines of output]\n      running bdist_wheel\n      running build\n      running build_py\n      creating build\n      creating build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\n      creating build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\BdfFontFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\BlpImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\BmpImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\BufrStubImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ContainerIO.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\CurImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\DcxImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\DdsImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\EpsImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ExifTags.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\features.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\FitsImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\FliImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\FontFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\FpxImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\FtexImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\GbrImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\GdImageFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\GifImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\GimpGradientFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\GimpPaletteFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\GribStubImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\Hdf5StubImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\IcnsImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\IcoImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\Image.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageChops.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageCms.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageColor.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageDraw.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageDraw2.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageEnhance.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageFilter.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageFont.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageGrab.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageMath.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageMode.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageMorph.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageOps.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImagePalette.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImagePath.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageQt.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageSequence.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageShow.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageStat.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageTk.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageTransform.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImageWin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\ImtImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\IptcImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\Jpeg2KImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\JpegImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\JpegPresets.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\McIdasImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\MicImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\MpegImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\MpoImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\MspImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PaletteFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PalmImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PcdImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PcfFontFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PcxImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PdfImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PdfParser.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PixarImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PngImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PpmImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PsdImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PSDraw.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\PyAccess.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\QoiImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\SgiImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\SpiderImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\SunImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\TarIO.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\TgaImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\TiffImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\TiffTags.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\WalImageFile.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\WebPImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\WmfImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\XbmImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\XpmImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\XVThumbImagePlugin.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\_binary.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\_deprecate.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\_tkinter_finder.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\_util.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\_version.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\__init__.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      copying src\\PIL\\__main__.py -> build\\lib.mingw_x86_64-cpython-310\\PIL\n      running egg_info\n      writing src\\Pillow.egg-info\\PKG-INFO\n      writing dependency_links to src\\Pillow.egg-info\\dependency_links.txt\n      writing requirements to src\\Pillow.egg-info\\requires.txt\n      writing top-level names to src\\Pillow.egg-info\\top_level.txt\n      reading manifest file 'src\\Pillow.egg-info\\SOURCES.txt'\n      reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'\n      warning: no files found matching '*.c'\n      warning: no files found matching '*.h'\n      warning: no files found matching '*.sh'\n      warning: no files found matching '*.txt'\n      warning: no previously-included files found matching '.appveyor.yml'\n      warning: no previously-included files found matching '.clang-format'\n      warning: no previously-included files found matching '.coveragerc'\n      warning: no previously-included files found matching '.editorconfig'\n      warning: no previously-included files found matching '.readthedocs.yml'\n      warning: no previously-included files found matching 'codecov.yml'\n      warning: no previously-included files found matching 'renovate.json'\n      warning: no previously-included files matching '.git*' found anywhere in distribution\n      warning: no previously-included files matching '*.so' found anywhere in distribution\n      no previously-included directories found matching '.ci'\n      adding license file 'LICENSE'\n      writing manifest file 'src\\Pillow.egg-info\\SOURCES.txt'\n      running build_ext\n\n\n      The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,\n      a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.\n\n      Please see the install instructions at:\n         https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html\n\n      Traceback (most recent call last):\n        File "<string>", line 988, in <module>\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\__init__.py", line 107, in setup\n          return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\core.py", line 185, in setup      \n          return run_commands(dist)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\core.py", line 201, in run_commands\n          dist.run_commands()\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\dist.py", line 969, in run_commands\n          self.run_command(cmd)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\dist.py", line 1233, in run_command\n          super().run_command(command)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\dist.py", line 988, in run_command\n          cmd_obj.run()\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\wheel\\bdist_wheel.py", line 364, in run\n          self.run_command("build")\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\cmd.py", line 318, in run_command \n          self.distribution.run_command(command)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\dist.py", line 1233, in run_command\n          super().run_command(command)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\dist.py", line 988, in run_command\n          cmd_obj.run()\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\command\\build.py", line 131, in run\n          self.run_command(cmd_name)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\cmd.py", line 318, in run_command \n          self.distribution.run_command(command)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\dist.py", line 1233, in run_command\n          super().run_command(command)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\dist.py", line 988, in run_command\n          cmd_obj.run()\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\command\\build_ext.py", line 88, in run       \n          _build_ext.run(self)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\_distutils\\command\\build_ext.py", line 345, in run\n          self.build_extensions()\n        File "<string>", line 811, in build_extensions\n      __main__.RequiredDependencyException: zlib\n\n      During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n\n      Traceback (most recent call last):\n        File "D:\\Ghost\\rooms\\myvenv\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\pip\\_vendor\\pyproject_hooks\\_in_process\\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>\n          main()\n        File "D:\\Ghost\\rooms\\myvenv\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\pip\\_vendor\\pyproject_hooks\\_in_process\\_in_process.py", line 335, in main\n          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])\n        File "D:\\Ghost\\rooms\\myvenv\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\pip\\_vendor\\pyproject_hooks\\_in_process\\_in_process.py", line 251, in build_wheel\n          return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1orhfiiv\\pillow_bf4cbcc0ea144078bba719eff6d31d24\\_custom_build\\backend.py", line 53, in build_wheel     \n          return super().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\build_meta.py", line 434, in build_wheel     \n          return self._build_with_temp_dir(\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\build_meta.py", line 419, in _build_with_temp_dir\n          self.run_setup()\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-1orhfiiv\\pillow_bf4cbcc0ea144078bba719eff6d31d24\\_custom_build\\backend.py", line 47, in run_setup       \n          return super().run_setup(setup_script)\n        File "C:\\Users\\91940\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-build-env-smvo9sld\\overlay\\lib\\python3.10\\site-packages\\setuptools\\build_meta.py", line 341, in run_setup       \n          exec(code, locals())\n        File "<string>", line 1005, in <module>\n      __main__.RequiredDependencyException:\n\n      The headers or library files could not be found for zlib,\n      a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.\n\n      Please see the install instructions at:\n         https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html\n\n\n      [end of output]\n\n  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.\n  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pillow\nFailed to build pillow\nERROR: Could not build wheels for pillow, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects\n\nnote: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip. \nERROR: Failed building wheel for pillow \nFailed to build pillow \nERROR: Could not build wheels for pillow, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects\n

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还尝试了“pip install --no-cache-dir --force-reinstallpillow”和“pip install --no-build-isolationpillow”，得到同样的错误。MySql 客户端不久前也出现过类似的“造轮子”问题。我的系统配置是否有可能出现问题，或者我的电脑（Windows）中缺少某些文件

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Answer 1

我可以这样安装： pip install --only-binary Pillow Pillow