通常,您有一个映射map<string,X>,其中键是映射值的名称,您需要一个API,让消费者可以看到所有名称...例如填充GUI列表框.您可以构建一个向量并将其作为API调用返回,但这样效率很低.您可以只返回对地图的引用,但随后也可以访问这些值,您可能不希望这样.
那么你怎么能编写一个兼容的类KeyIterator,它包装map并提供对该map中键的标准迭代器访问.
例如:
map<string,X> m= ...
KeyIterator<string> ki(m);
for(KeyIterator<string>::iterator it=ki.begin();it!=ki.end();++it)
cout << *it;
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KeyIterator应该是轻量级的,因此您可以从几乎没有开销的方法返回它.
编辑: 我不确定我是否完美解释,让我给出一个更好的用例(半伪):
class PersonManager
{
private:
map<string,Person> people;
public:
//this version has to iterate the map, build a new structure and return a copy
vector<string> getNamesStandard();
//this version returns a lightweight container which can be iterated
//and directly wraps the map, allowing access to the keys
KeyIterator<string> getNames();
};
void PrintNames(PersonManager &pm)
{
KeyIterator<string> names = pm.getNames();
for(KeyIterator<string>::iterator it=names.begin();it!=names.end();++it)
cout << *it << endl;
}
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template<typename iterator_type>
class KeyIterator
{
iterator_type iterator;
public:
typedef typename std::iterator_traits<iterator_type>::value_type::first_type value_type;
KeyIterator(iterator_type i) : iterator(i) {}
value_type operator*() { return iterator->first; }
KeyIterator & operator++() { ++iterator; return *this; }
bool operator!=(const KeyIterator & right) const { return iterator != right.iterator; }
// ...
};
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编辑:看到您的编辑后,我意识到这并不完全是您所要求的。你把你的类称为 KeyIterator ,这让我很困惑,更合适的名称是 KeyContainer 。您将无法仅在键类型上对其进行模板化,因为它必须包含对地图的某种引用;您将需要地图的完整定义。
您的请求使问题变得过于复杂,因为您必须定义两种不同的类型,KeyIterator和KeyIterator::iterator。
这是使用我的类的示例代码:
class PersonManager
{
private:
map<string,Person> people;
public:
//this version has to iterate the map, build a new structure and return a copy
vector<string> getNamesStandard();
//this version returns a lightweight container which can be iterated
//and directly wraps the map, allowing access to the keys
KeyIterator<map<string,Person>::iterator> getNamesBegin();
KeyIterator<map<string,Person>::iterator> getNamesEnd();
};
void PrintNames(PersonManager &pm)
{
KeyIterator<map<string,Person>::iterator> it = pm.getNamesBegin();
KeyIterator<map<string,Person>::iterator> end = pm.getNamesEnd();
for(it; it!=end; ++it)
cout << *it << endl;
}
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