Mysqlclient 无法通过 pip 安装，在 Ubuntu 中找不到 pkg-config 名称

Question

总的来说，我对 Linux 和 VM 都很陌生。我目前正在尝试在干净的 Ubuntu Jammy 64 (22.4) vbox 实例上安装 mysqlclient。预先运行以下命令：

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    sudo add-apt-repository universe\n    sudo apt-get install net-tools -y\n    sudo apt-get install python3 -y\n    sudo apt-get install python3-pip -y\n    pip install pkgconfig\n    sudo apt-get install pkg-config -y\n

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当我尝试运行时pip install mysqlclient出现以下错误：

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vagrant@Ctrl-A-EES:~$ pip install mysqlclient\nDefaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable\nCollecting mysqlclient\n  Using cached mysqlclient-2.2.0.tar.gz (89 kB)\n  Installing build dependencies ... done\n  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error\n  error: subprocess-exited-with-error\n\n  \xc3\x97 Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.\n  \xe2\x94\x82 exit code: 1\n  \xe2\x95\xb0\xe2\x94\x80> [25 lines of output]\n      Trying pkg-config --exists mysqlclient\n      Command 'pkg-config --exists mysqlclient' returned non-zero exit status 1.\n      Trying pkg-config --exists mariadb\n      Command 'pkg-config --exists mariadb' returned non-zero exit status 1.\n      Traceback (most recent call last):\n        File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 363, in <module>\n          main()\n        File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 345, in main\n          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])\n        File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 130, in get_requires_for_build_wheel\n          return hook(config_settings)\n        File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 162, in get_requires_for_build_wheel\n          return self._get_build_requires(\n        File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 143, in _get_build_requires\n          self.run_setup()\n        File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 158, in run_setup\n          exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())\n        File "setup.py", line 154, in <module>\n          ext_options = get_config_posix(get_options())\n        File "setup.py", line 48, in get_config_posix\n          pkg_name = find_package_name()\n        File "setup.py", line 27, in find_package_name\n          raise Exception(\n      Exception: Can not find valid pkg-config name.\n      Specify MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS and MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS env vars manually\n      [end of output]\n\n  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.\nerror: subprocess-exited-with-error\n\n\xc3\x97 Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.\n\xe2\x94\x82 exit code: 1\n\xe2\x95\xb0\xe2\x94\x80> See above for output.\n\nnote: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.\n

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任何建议都会有很大帮助！谢谢！

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预计安装可以顺利解决。尝试解决 pkg-config 依赖关系，但无济于事。

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Answer 1

就我而言，sudo apt install pkg-config运行就足够了pip install mysqlclient。

Answer 2

FlyingTeller 的解决方案：

sudo apt-get install python3-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev build-essential

修复了依赖关系。

Answer 3

您在尝试使用 pip3 安装时遇到的错误与缺少以及无法找到构建包所需的依赖项mysqlclient有关。pkg-config

pkg-config无法找到构建 Python 包所需的mysqlclient库。mariadbmysqlclient

尝试这些解决方案：

1. sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install python3-dev default-libmysqlclient-dev

如果以上方法不起作用：

2. MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS您可以按照错误消息中的建议尝试通过手动指定和环境变量的路径来安装 mysqlclient 库MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS。

sudo MYSQLCLIENT_CFLAGS="-I/usr/include/mysql" MYSQLCLIENT_LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -lmysqlclient" pip3 install mysqlclient

注意：如果系统上的标头和库文件位于其他位置，请将/usr/include/mysql和替换/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu为系统上标头和库文件的正确路径。mysqlclient提供的路径对于基于 Ubuntu 的系统是常见的。