在第 10 个逗号后的项目周围加上引号

Question

我曾经有一个 awk 命令，它可以很好地在输出文件中的最后一项（第 10 个逗号之后）周围加上引号，这样当我将它们作为 CSV 文件打开时，最后一项就不会因为它的原因而被分割。额外的逗号。然而，由于某种原因， awk 命令被破坏了（我从来没有想到有人帮助我创建它）并且它返回一个包含许多空行或已删除数据的文件。

这是我的初始输出文件的示例：

e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,Gymnanthemum amygdalinum voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,Gymnanthemum amygdalinum voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
b875a20e3a4876aba15b0edf8973a3f4,gi|1832942633|gb|MN431198.1|,132,573,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,39414,Plantago lanceolata ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcl) gene, partial cds; chloroplast
023abf2ebf1c94fe890dfd1517a828c5,gi|1562068410|gb|MH569150.1|,132,715,98,129,100.000,9.41e-59,239,2508311,Brassica sp. 4 KS-2019 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) pseudogene, partial sequence; mitochondrial

这就是我想要的输出文件的样子 - 它只是在最后一项周围有引号，即物种的全名及其测序信息。

e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,"Gymnanthemum amygdalinum voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"
e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,"Gymnanthemum amygdalinum voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"
b875a20e3a4876aba15b0edf8973a3f4,gi|1832942633|gb|MN431198.1|,132,573,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,39414,"Plantago lanceolata ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcl) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"
023abf2ebf1c94fe890dfd1517a828c5,gi|1562068410|gb|MH569150.1|,132,715,98,129,100.000,9.41e-59,239,2508311,"Brassica sp. 4 KS-2019 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) pseudogene, partial sequence; mitochondrial"

理想情况下，如果可能的话，我也想要一种将物种名称与名称的其余部分分开的方法，因此输出将是：

e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,"Gymnanthemum amygdalinum", "voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"   
e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,"Gymnanthemum amygdalinum", "voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"        
b875a20e3a4876aba15b0edf8973a3f4,gi|1832942633|gb|MN431198.1|,132,573,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,39414,"Plantago lanceolata", ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcl) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"     
023abf2ebf1c94fe890dfd1517a828c5,gi|1562068410|gb|MH569150.1|,132,715,98,129,100.000,9.41e-59,239,2508311,"Brassica sp.", "4 KS-2019 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) pseudogene, partial sequence; mitochondrial"

我之前使用过的 awk 命令似乎运行良好，但现在我的输出如下：

for file in *.txt; do awk '{ match($0,/((\S+\s+){10})(.*)/,a); gsub(/\s+/,",",a[1]); gsub(/"/,"&&",a[3]); print a[1] "\"" a[3] "\"" }' $file > ${file%%.txt}_cleanedup.txt; done

输出（它没有在正确的部分加上引号，应该是第 10 个逗号之后的所有内容）。此外，空引号仅意味着数据由于某种原因被删除：

e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,Gymnanthemum,amygdalinum,voucher,PCG/UNN/030-52,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate,carboxylase/oxygenase,large,subunit,(rbcL),gene,,"partial cds; chloroplast"

e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,Gymnanthemum,amygdalinum,voucher,PCG/UNN/030-52,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate,carboxylase/oxygenase,large,subunit,(rbcL),gene,,"partial cds; chloroplast"

""

023abf2ebf1c94fe890dfd1517a828c5,gi|1562068410|gb|MH569150.1|,132,715,98,129,100.000,9.41e-59,239,2508311,Brassica,sp.,4,KS-2019,ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate,carboxylase/oxygenase,(rbcL),pseudogene,,partial,sequence;,"mitochondrial"

Answer 1

你可以使用这个awk：

awk 'match($0, /^([^,]*,){10}/) {
   print substr($0, 1, RLENGTH) "\"" substr($0, RLENGTH+1) "\""
}' file

e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,"Gymnanthemum amygdalinum voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"
e7479580f6f3be15b5632f64f9de8df7,gi|1858620278|gb|MN628024.1|,132,541,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,82755,"Gymnanthemum amygdalinum voucher PCG/UNN/030-52 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"
b875a20e3a4876aba15b0edf8973a3f4,gi|1832942633|gb|MN431198.1|,132,573,100,132,100.000,2.02e-60,244,39414,"Plantago lanceolata ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcl) gene, partial cds; chloroplast"
023abf2ebf1c94fe890dfd1517a828c5,gi|1562068410|gb|MH569150.1|,132,715,98,129,100.000,9.41e-59,239,2508311,"Brassica sp. 4 KS-2019 ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) pseudogene, partial sequence; mitochondrial"