使用派生类在C#中进行序列化

Question

我正在构建一个通知框架,为此我将序列化和反序列化一个基本类,我想要发送的所有类都将从中派生.

问题是代码编译,但当我实际尝试序列化这个基本类时,我得到一个错误说

System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException:在Assembly'Xxx.DataContract中键入'Xxx.DataContracts.WQAllocationUpdate',Version = 1.0.0.0,Culture = neutral,PublicKeyToken = null'未标记为可序列化.

这是代码:

public class WCallUpdate : NotificationData
{
    private string m_from = "";
    [DataMember]
    public string From
    {
        get { return m_from; }
        set { m_from = value; }
    }
    private WCall m_wCall = new WCall();
    [DataMember]
    public WCall Call
    {
        get { return m_wCall; }
        set { m_wCall = value; }
    }
}

在DataContract对通知如下:

/// <summary>
/// Basic class used in the notification service
/// </summary>
[DataContract]
public class NotificationData
{
}

/// <summary>
/// Enum containing all the events used in the application
/// </summary>
[DataContract]
public enum NotificationTypeKey
{
    [EnumMember]
    Default = 0,
    [EnumMember]
    IWorkQueueServiceAttributionAddedEvent = 1,
    [EnumMember]
    IWorkQueueServiceAttributionUpdatedEvent = 2,
    [EnumMember]
    IWorkQueueServiceAttributionRemovedEvent = 3,
}

用于序列化数据的代码是:

    #region Create Message
    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a memoryStream from a notificationData
    /// note: we insert also the notificationTypeKey at the beginning of the
    /// stream in order to treat the memoryStream correctly on the client side
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="notificationTypeKey"></param>
    /// <param name="notificationData"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public MemoryStream CreateMessage(NotificationTypeKey notificationTypeKey, NotificationData notificationData)
    {
        MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
        BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
        try
        {
            formatter.Serialize(stream, notificationTypeKey);
            formatter.Serialize(stream, notificationData);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Logger.Exception(ex);
        }
        return stream;
    }
    #endregion

当我尝试创建消息时:

WCallUpdate  m_wCallUpdate = new WCallUpdate();
NotificationTypeKey  m_notificationTypeKey = new NotificationTypeKey.Default;
CreateMessage(notificationTypeKey , wCallUpdate );

我收到以下错误:

System.Runtime.Serialization.SerializationException: Type 'Xxx.DataContracts.WCall' in Assembly 'Xxx.DataContract, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null' is not marked as serializable.
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.FormatterServices.InternalGetSerializableMembers(RuntimeType type)
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.FormatterServices.GetSerializableMembers(Type type, StreamingContext context)
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.WriteObjectInfo.InitMemberInfo()
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.WriteObjectInfo.InitSerialize(Object obj, ISurrogateSelector surrogateSelector, StreamingContext context, SerObjectInfoInit serObjectInfoInit, IFormatterConverter converter, ObjectWriter objectWriter)
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.WriteObjectInfo.Serialize(Object obj, ISurrogateSelector surrogateSelector, StreamingContext context, SerObjectInfoInit serObjectInfoInit, IFormatterConverter converter, ObjectWriter objectWriter)
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectWriter.Write(WriteObjectInfo objectInfo, NameInfo memberNameInfo, NameInfo typeNameInfo)
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.ObjectWriter.Serialize(Object graph, Header[] inHeaders, __BinaryWriter serWriter, Boolean fCheck)
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter.Serialize(Stream serializationStream, Object graph, Header[] headers, Boolean fCheck)
   at System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter.Serialize(Stream serializationStream, Object graph)
   at Xxx.Notification.NotificationMessageFactory.CreateMessage(NotificationTypeKey notificationTypeKey, NotificationData notificationData) in Xxx.Notification\NotificationCenter.cs:line 36

如果我把Serializable标志放在DataContract一个之前没有解决问题.

---

谢谢你的快速回答.对不起,我忘了把NotificationData的代码(在主帖中编辑)

我尝试将Serializable属性放到这两个类中但没有成功:(

#region NotificationData
/// <summary>
/// Basic class used in the notification service
/// </summary>
[Serializable]
[DataContract]
public class NotificationData
{
}
#endregion

和

[Serializable]
public class WCallUpdate : NotificationData
{
    private string m_from = "";
    [DataMember]
    public string From
    {
        get { return m_from; }
        set { m_from = value; }
    }
    private WCall m_wCall = new WCall();
    [DataMember]
    public WCall Call
    {
        get { return m_wCall; }
        set { m_wCall = value; }
    }
}

**编辑:**Mea culpa afterall :)你们都是对的.我忘了将[Serializable]属性传播给所有子类.更新和编译后,我不再是例外.谢谢你们两个正确答案:)

---

@Marc Gravel:其实我考虑过你的建议,并创建了以下DataContractSerializer,但我不确定这会有效吗？我的班级使用其他班级？DataContractSerializer的一个大问题是你需要指定要序列化的对象的类型,并且因为我的类使用其他类作为私有字段,这可能会导致问题吗？

#region DataContractSerializer
        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a Data Contract Serializer for the provided type. The type must be marked with
        /// the data contract attribute to be serialized successfully.
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to be serialized</typeparam>
        /// <returns>A data contract serializer</returns>
        public static DataContractSerializer CreateDataContractSerializer<T>() where T : class
        {
            DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(T));
            return serializer;
        }
        #endregion

Answer 1

将[Serializable]放在课程的顶部.Serializable不一定是AFAIK继承的.意思是即使基类具有[Serializable],你仍然需要它在后代类上.

Answer 2

我很困惑你为什么要使用BinaryFormatter数据合同.DataContractSerializer在这里使用是正常的...逻辑然后类似于使用[Serializable],除了你需要[DataContract],它序列化了指定的([DataMember])成员,而不是使用的字段BinaryFormatter.

实际上,出于多种原因(例如脆性),我建议改用DataContractSerializer,特别是因为这似乎是你的意图.或者如果你想要一个更紧凑的二进制形式,protobuf-net可能是有用的(加上也可以在平台之间移植).

顺便说一句-你不需要[DataContract]在enum秒-它没有任何伤害,但不会做了很多无论是.