WPF中的验证错误样式,类似于Silverlight

Question

默认情况下,Validation.ErrorTemplate在WPF只是一个小红色边框没有任何ToolTip.

在Silverlight 4中,验证错误很好地开箱即用.

以下是Silverlight 4和WPF中出现的验证错误的比较

Silverlight 4

WPF

请注意WPF版本的平坦,无聊的外观与我认为的Silverlight外观相比.

WPF框架中是否存在任何类似的验证样式/模板,或者是否有人创建了很好的样式验证模板,如上面的Silverlight版本？或者我是否必须从头开始创建它们？

如果有人想尝试一下,可以使用以下代码重现上面的验证错误,适用于Silverlight和WPF

主窗口/ MainPage.xaml中

<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="10" VerticalAlignment="Top">
    <TextBox Text="{Binding Path=TextProperty, Mode=TwoWay, ValidatesOnExceptions=True}"/>
    <Button Content="Tab To Me..." Margin="20,0,0,0"/>
</StackPanel>

主窗口/ MainPage.xaml.cs中

public MainWindow/MainPage()
{
    InitializeComponent();
    this.DataContext = this;
}

private string _textProperty;
public string TextProperty
{
    get { return _textProperty; }
    set
    {
        if (value.Length > 5)
        {
            throw new Exception("Too many characters");
        }
        _textProperty = value;
    }
}

Answer 1

我研究了验证错误模板的Silverlight版本并创建了它的WPF版本,看起来像这样

在帖子的底部添加了一个动画GIF但是在我完成之后我注意到它可能会因为移动鼠标而烦人.让我知道我是否应该删除.. :)

我用了MultiBinding一个BooleanOrConverter以显示"提示错误"的时候,TextBox有键盘焦点或鼠标在右上角.对于淡入动画我使用的DoubleAnimation用于Opacity与一个ThicknessAnimation带有一个BackEase/ EaseOut EasingFunction该Margin

可以这样使用

<TextBox Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource errorTemplateSilverlightStyle}" />

errorTemplateSilverlightStyle

<ControlTemplate x:Key="errorTemplateSilverlightStyle">
    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
        <Border BorderThickness="1" BorderBrush="#FFdc000c" CornerRadius="0.7"
                VerticalAlignment="Top">
            <Grid>
                <Polygon x:Name="toolTipCorner"
                         Grid.ZIndex="2"
                         Margin="-1"
                         Points="6,6 6,0 0,0" 
                         Fill="#FFdc000c" 
                         HorizontalAlignment="Right" 
                         VerticalAlignment="Top"
                         IsHitTestVisible="True"/>
                <Polyline Grid.ZIndex="3"
                          Points="7,7 0,0" Margin="-1" HorizontalAlignment="Right" 
                          StrokeThickness="1.5"
                          StrokeEndLineCap="Round"
                          StrokeStartLineCap="Round"
                          Stroke="White"
                          VerticalAlignment="Top"
                          IsHitTestVisible="True"/>
                <AdornedElementPlaceholder x:Name="adorner"/>
            </Grid>
        </Border>
        <Border x:Name="errorBorder" Background="#FFdc000c" Margin="1,0,0,0"
                Opacity="0" CornerRadius="1.5"
                IsHitTestVisible="False"
                MinHeight="24" MaxWidth="267">
            <Border.Effect>
                <DropShadowEffect ShadowDepth="2.25" 
                                  Color="Black" 
                                  Opacity="0.4"
                                  Direction="315"
                                  BlurRadius="4"/>
            </Border.Effect>
            <TextBlock Text="{Binding ElementName=adorner,
                                      Path=AdornedElement.(Validation.Errors)[0].ErrorContent}"
                       Foreground="White" Margin="8,3,8,3" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
        </Border>
    </StackPanel>
    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
        <DataTrigger Value="True">
            <DataTrigger.Binding>
                <MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource BooleanOrConverter}">
                    <Binding ElementName="adorner" Path="AdornedElement.IsKeyboardFocused" />
                    <Binding ElementName="toolTipCorner" Path="IsMouseOver"/>
                </MultiBinding>
            </DataTrigger.Binding>
            <DataTrigger.EnterActions>
                <BeginStoryboard x:Name="fadeInStoryboard">
                    <Storyboard>
                        <DoubleAnimation Duration="00:00:00.15"
                                         Storyboard.TargetName="errorBorder"
                                         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
                                         To="1"/>
                        <ThicknessAnimation Duration="00:00:00.15"
                                            Storyboard.TargetName="errorBorder"
                                            Storyboard.TargetProperty="Margin"
                                            FillBehavior="HoldEnd"
                                            From="1,0,0,0"
                                            To="5,0,0,0">
                            <ThicknessAnimation.EasingFunction>
                                <BackEase EasingMode="EaseOut" Amplitude="2"/>
                            </ThicknessAnimation.EasingFunction>
                        </ThicknessAnimation>
                    </Storyboard>
                </BeginStoryboard>
            </DataTrigger.EnterActions>
            <DataTrigger.ExitActions>
                <StopStoryboard BeginStoryboardName="fadeInStoryboard"/>
                <BeginStoryboard x:Name="fadeOutStoryBoard">
                    <Storyboard>
                        <DoubleAnimation Duration="00:00:00"
                                         Storyboard.TargetName="errorBorder"
                                         Storyboard.TargetProperty="Opacity"
                                         To="0"/>
                    </Storyboard>
                </BeginStoryboard>
            </DataTrigger.ExitActions>
        </DataTrigger>
    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>

BooleanOrConverter

public class BooleanOrConverter : IMultiValueConverter
{
    public object Convert(object[] values, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        foreach (object value in values)
        {
            if ((bool)value == true)
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    public object[] ConvertBack(object value, Type[] targetTypes, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
    {
        throw new NotSupportedException();
    }
}

Answer 2

这个答案只是扩展了Fredrik Hedblad的优秀答案.作为WPF和XAML的新手,Fredrik的答案充当了定义我希望如何在我的应用程序中显示验证错误的跳板.虽然下面的XAML对我有用,但它仍在进行中.我还没有对它进行全面测试,我很乐意承认我无法完全解释每个标签.有了这些警告,我希望这对其他人有用.

虽然动画TextBlock是一个很好的方法,但它有两个我想要解决的缺点.

1. 首先,正如布伦特的注释所指出的那样,文本受到拥有窗口边界的约束,这样如果无效控件位于窗口的边缘,则文本被切断.Fredrik的建议解决方案是将其显示在"窗外".这对我来说很有意义.
2. 其次,在无效控件右侧显示TextBlock并不总是最佳的.例如,假设TextBlock用于指定要打开的特定文件,并且右侧有一个"浏览"按钮.如果用户键入不存在的文件,则错误TextBlock将覆盖"浏览"按钮,并可能阻止用户单击它以更正错误.对我来说有意义的是将错误消息对角显示在无效控件的右侧和右侧.这完成了两件事.首先,它避免将任何伴随控件隐藏在无效控件的右侧.它还具有的视觉效果toolTipCorner被指向朝着错误消息.

这是我完成开发的对话框.

如您所见,有两个TextBox控件需要验证.两者都相对靠近窗口的右边缘,因此可能会裁剪长错误消息.并注意第二个TextBox有一个浏览按钮,我不想在发生错误时隐藏它.

所以这是使用我的实现的验证错误.

从功能上讲,它与Fredrik的实现非常相似.如果TextBox具有焦点,则错误将可见.一旦失去焦点,错误就会消失.如果用户将鼠标悬停在toolTipCorner上,则无论TextBox是否具有焦点,都将显示错误.还有一些外观变化,例如toolTipCorner大50%(9像素对6像素).

当然,明显的区别在于我的实现使用Popup来显示错误.这解决了第一个缺点,因为Popup在其自己的窗口中显示其内容,因此它不受对话框边界的约束.然而,使用Popup确实提出了一些需要克服的挑战.

1. 从测试和在线讨论看,Popup被认为是最顶层的窗口.因此,即使我的应用程序被另一个应用程序隐藏,Popup仍然可见.这是不太理想的行为.
2. 另一个问题是,如果用户在Popup可见时碰巧移动或调整对话框大小,Popup没有重新定位自己以保持其相对于无效控件的位置.

幸运的是,这两项挑战都得到了解决.

这是代码.欢迎评论和改进!

• 文件:ErrorTemplateSilverlightStyle.xaml
• 命名空间:MyApp.Application.UI.Templates
• 汇编:MyApp.Application.UI.dll

<ResourceDictionary
  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
  xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
  xmlns:behaviors="clr-namespace:MyApp.Application.UI.Behaviors">

  <ControlTemplate x:Key="ErrorTemplateSilverlightStyle">
    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
      <!-- Defines TextBox outline border and the ToolTipCorner -->
      <Border x:Name="border" BorderThickness="1.25"
                              BorderBrush="#FFDC000C">
        <Grid>
          <Polygon x:Name="toolTipCorner"
                   Grid.ZIndex="2"
                   Margin="-1"
                   Points="9,9 9,0 0,0"
                   Fill="#FFDC000C"
                   HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                   VerticalAlignment="Top"
                   IsHitTestVisible="True"/>
          <Polyline Grid.ZIndex="3"
                    Points="10,10 0,0"
                    Margin="-1"
                    HorizontalAlignment="Right"
                    StrokeThickness="1.5"
                    StrokeEndLineCap="Round"
                    StrokeStartLineCap="Round"
                    Stroke="White"
                    VerticalAlignment="Top"
                    IsHitTestVisible="True"/>
          <AdornedElementPlaceholder x:Name="adorner"/>
        </Grid>
      </Border>
      <!-- Defines the Popup -->
      <Popup x:Name="placard"
             AllowsTransparency="True"
             PopupAnimation="Fade"
             Placement="Top"
             PlacementTarget="{Binding ElementName=toolTipCorner}"
             PlacementRectangle="10,-1,0,0">
        <!-- Used to reposition Popup when dialog moves or resizes -->
        <i:Interaction.Behaviors>
          <behaviors:RepositionPopupBehavior/>
        </i:Interaction.Behaviors>
        <Popup.Style>
          <Style TargetType="{x:Type Popup}">
            <Style.Triggers>
              <!-- Shows Popup when TextBox has focus -->
              <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding ElementName=adorner, Path=AdornedElement.IsFocused}"
                           Value="True">
                <Setter Property="IsOpen" Value="True"/>
              </DataTrigger>
              <!-- Shows Popup when mouse hovers over ToolTipCorner -->
              <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding ElementName=toolTipCorner, Path=IsMouseOver}"
                           Value="True">
                <Setter Property="IsOpen" Value="True"/>
              </DataTrigger>
              <!-- Hides Popup when window is no longer active -->
              <DataTrigger Binding="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type Window}}, Path=IsActive}"
                           Value="False">
                <Setter Property="IsOpen" Value="False"/>
              </DataTrigger>
            </Style.Triggers>
          </Style>
        </Popup.Style>
        <Border x:Name="errorBorder"
                Background="#FFDC000C"
                Margin="0,0,8,8"
                Opacity="1"
                CornerRadius="4"
                IsHitTestVisible="False"
                MinHeight="24"
                MaxWidth="267">
          <Border.Effect>
            <DropShadowEffect ShadowDepth="4"
                              Color="Black"
                              Opacity="0.6"
                              Direction="315"
                              BlurRadius="4"/>
          </Border.Effect>
          <TextBlock Text="{Binding ElementName=adorner, Path=AdornedElement.(Validation.Errors).CurrentItem.ErrorContent}"
                     Foreground="White"
                     Margin="8,3,8,3"
                     TextWrapping="Wrap"/>
        </Border>
      </Popup>
    </StackPanel>
  </ControlTemplate>

</ResourceDictionary>

• 文件:RepositionPopupBehavior.cs
• 命名空间:MyApp.Application.UI.Behaviors
• 汇编:MyApp.Application.UI.dll

(注意:这需要表达混合4 System.Windows.Interactivity ASSEMBLY)

using System;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls.Primitives;
using System.Windows.Interactivity;

namespace MyApp.Application.UI.Behaviors
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Defines the reposition behavior of a <see cref="Popup"/> control when the window to which it is attached is moved or resized.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// This solution was influenced by the answers provided by <see href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/262204/nathanaw">NathanAW</see> and
    /// <see href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/718325/jason">Jason</see> to
    /// <see href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1600218/how-can-i-move-a-wpf-popup-when-its-anchor-element-moves">this</see> question.
    /// </remarks>
    public class RepositionPopupBehavior : Behavior<Popup>
    {
        #region Protected Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Called after the behavior is attached to an <see cref="Behavior.AssociatedObject"/>.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void OnAttached()
        {
            base.OnAttached();
            var window = Window.GetWindow(AssociatedObject.PlacementTarget);
            if (window == null) { return; }
            window.LocationChanged += OnLocationChanged;
            window.SizeChanged     += OnSizeChanged;
            AssociatedObject.Loaded += AssociatedObject_Loaded;
        }

        void AssociatedObject_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            //AssociatedObject.HorizontalOffset = 7;
            //AssociatedObject.VerticalOffset = -AssociatedObject.Height;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Called when the behavior is being detached from its <see cref="Behavior.AssociatedObject"/>, but before it has actually occurred.
        /// </summary>
        protected override void OnDetaching()
        {
            base.OnDetaching();
            var window = Window.GetWindow(AssociatedObject.PlacementTarget);
            if (window == null) { return; }
            window.LocationChanged -= OnLocationChanged;
            window.SizeChanged     -= OnSizeChanged;
            AssociatedObject.Loaded -= AssociatedObject_Loaded;
        }

        #endregion Protected Methods

        #region Private Methods

        /// <summary>
        /// Handles the <see cref="Window.LocationChanged"/> routed event which occurs when the window's location changes.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">
        /// The source of the event.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="e">
        /// An object that contains the event data.
        /// </param>
        private void OnLocationChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            var offset = AssociatedObject.HorizontalOffset;
            AssociatedObject.HorizontalOffset = offset + 1;
            AssociatedObject.HorizontalOffset = offset;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Handles the <see cref="Window.SizeChanged"/> routed event which occurs when either then <see cref="Window.ActualHeight"/> or the
        /// <see cref="Window.ActualWidth"/> properties change value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender">
        /// The source of the event.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="e">
        /// An object that contains the event data.
        /// </param>
        private void OnSizeChanged(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            var offset = AssociatedObject.HorizontalOffset;
            AssociatedObject.HorizontalOffset = offset + 1;
            AssociatedObject.HorizontalOffset = offset;
        }

        #endregion Private Methods
    }
}

• 文件:ResourceLibrary.xaml
• 命名空间:MyApp.Application.UI
• 汇编:MyApp.Application.UI.dll

<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
                    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml">

    <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>

        <!-- Styles -->
        ...

        <!-- Templates -->
        <ResourceDictionary Source="Templates/ErrorTemplateSilverlightStyle.xaml"/>

    </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>

    <!-- Converters -->
    ...

</ResourceDictionary>

• 文件:App.xaml
• 命名空间:MyApp.Application
• 汇编:MyApp.exe

<Application x:Class="MyApp.Application.App"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             StartupUri="Views\MainWindowView.xaml">
    <Application.Resources>
        <ResourceDictionary>
            <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
                <ResourceDictionary Source="/MyApp.Application.UI;component/ResourceLibrary.xaml"/>
            </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        </ResourceDictionary>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

• 文件:NewProjectView.xaml
• 命名空间:MyApp.Application.Views
• 汇编:MyApp.exe

<Window x:Class="MyApp.Application.Views.NewProjectView"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:views="clr-namespace:MyApp.Application.Views"
        xmlns:viewModels="clr-namespace:MyApp.Application.ViewModels"
        Title="New Project" Width="740" Height="480"
        WindowStartupLocation="CenterOwner">

  <!-- DATA CONTEXT -->
  <Window.DataContext>
    <viewModels:NewProjectViewModel/>
  </Window.DataContext>

  <!-- WINDOW GRID -->
  ...

  <Label x:Name="ProjectNameLabel"
         Grid.Column="0"
         Content="_Name:"
         Target="{Binding ElementName=ProjectNameTextBox}"/>
  <TextBox x:Name="ProjectNameTextBox"
           Grid.Column="2"
           Text="{Binding ProjectName,
                          Mode=TwoWay,
                          UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged,
                          ValidatesOnDataErrors=True}"
           Validation.ErrorTemplate="{StaticResource ErrorTemplateSilverlightStyle}"/>

  ...
</Window>