错误：无法为 backports.zoneinfo 构建轮子，安装 django 时出错

Question

我是 python 开发新手，我正在尝试使用 django，但在使用 \n 安装 django 时遇到此错误pip3 install django~=4.0。\n我尝试了一些解决方案，但没有一个有效。\n我已经尝试过

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• 将 pip 升级到最新版本
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• pip install backports.zoneinfo但这也失败了。
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• pip install --升级 pip 轮
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我正在使用 Python 3.8.9 和 mac M1

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Collecting django~=4.0\n  Using cached Django-4.1-py3-none-any.whl (8.1 MB)\nCollecting backports.zoneinfo\n  Using cached backports.zoneinfo-0.2.1.tar.gz (74 kB)\n  Installing build dependencies ... done\n  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done\n  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done\nCollecting sqlparse>=0.2.2\n  Using cached sqlparse-0.4.2-py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)\nCollecting asgiref<4,>=3.5.2\n  Using cached asgiref-3.5.2-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)\nBuilding wheels for collected packages: backports.zoneinfo\n  Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (pyproject.toml) ... error\n  error: subprocess-exited-with-error\n\n  \xc3\x97 Building wheel for backports.zoneinfo (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.\n  \xe2\x94\x82 exit code: 1\n  \xe2\x95\xb0\xe2\x94\x80> [41 lines of output]\n      running bdist_wheel\n      running build\n      running build_py\n      creating build\n      creating build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38\n      creating build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports\n      copying src/backports/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports\n      creating build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_version.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_common.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_zoneinfo.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      copying src/backports/zoneinfo/_tzpath.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      running egg_info\n      writing src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/PKG-INFO\n      writing dependency_links to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/dependency_links.txt\n      writing requirements to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/requires.txt\n      writing top-level names to src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/top_level.txt\n      reading manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'\n      reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'\n      /private/var/folders/bw/1s6x6hxx7zs5wdt200bhyn900000gp/T/pip-build-env-9dkhvyjx/overlay/lib/python3.8/site-packages/setuptools/config/setupcfg.py:508: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: The license_file parameter is deprecated, use license_files instead.\n        warnings.warn(msg, warning_class)\n      warning: no files found matching '*.png' under directory 'docs'\n      warning: no files found matching '*.svg' under directory 'docs'\n      no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_build'\n      no previously-included directories found matching 'docs/_output'\n      adding license file 'LICENSE'\n      adding license file 'licenses/LICENSE_APACHE'\n      writing manifest file 'src/backports.zoneinfo.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'\n      copying src/backports/zoneinfo/__init__.pyi -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      copying src/backports/zoneinfo/py.typed -> build/lib.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/backports/zoneinfo\n      running build_ext\n      building 'backports.zoneinfo._czoneinfo' extension\n      creating build/temp.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38\n      creating build/temp.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/lib\n      clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -iwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks/System.framework/PrivateHeaders -iwithsysroot/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Headers -arch arm64 -arch x86_64 -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -I/Users/apandey/env/include -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Headers -c lib/zoneinfo_module.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.14-arm64-cpython-38/lib/zoneinfo_module.o -std=c99\n      lib/zoneinfo_module.c:1:10: fatal error: 'Python.h' file not found\n      #include "Python.h"\n               ^~~~~~~~~~\n      1 error generated.\n      error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1\n      [end of output]\n\n  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.\n  ERROR: Failed building wheel for backports.zoneinfo\nFailed to build backports.zoneinfo\nERROR: Could not build wheels for backports.zoneinfo, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects\n

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Answer 1

您的计算机上应该有此文件。/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Headers/Python.h

如果是这样，请先运行

export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Headers

然后pip install backports.zoneinfo