使用 pip 在 Mac 上安装 PycURL 时找不到错误“openssl/crypto.h”文件

Question

使用 macOS X 10.15 Catalina 安装 Python3 包时pip install -r requirements.txt出现此错误：

\n

\xc3\x97 Running setup.py install for pycurl did not run successfully.\n  \xe2\x94\x82 exit code: 1\n  \xe2\x95\xb0\xe2\x94\x80> [25 lines of output]\n      /private/var/folders/24/8k48jl6d249_n_qfxwsl6xvm0000gn/T/pip-install-8r44qz4e/pycurl_09ab3d56141443439eb3f41fa62f7b0f/setup.py:771: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.\n        if LooseVersion(distutils.__version__) > LooseVersion("1.0.1"):\n      /private/var/folders/24/8k48jl6d249_n_qfxwsl6xvm0000gn/T/pip-install-8r44qz4e/pycurl_09ab3d56141443439eb3f41fa62f7b0f/setup.py:773: DeprecationWarning: distutils Version classes are deprecated. Use packaging.version instead.\n        if LooseVersion(distutils.__version__) < LooseVersion("1.0.3"):\n      Using curl-config (libcurl 7.84.0)\n      running install\n      /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/setuptools/command/install.py:34: SetuptoolsDeprecationWarning: setup.py install is deprecated. Use build and pip and other standards-based tools.\n        warnings.warn(\n      running build\n      running build_py\n      creating build\n      creating build/lib.macosx-10.15-x86_64-cpython-39\n      creating build/lib.macosx-10.15-x86_64-cpython-39/curl\n      copying python/curl/__init__.py -> build/lib.macosx-10.15-x86_64-cpython-39/curl\n      running build_ext\n      building 'pycurl' extension\n      creating build/temp.macosx-10.15-x86_64-cpython-39\n      creating build/temp.macosx-10.15-x86_64-cpython-39/src\n      clang -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -isysroot /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX10.15.sdk -DPYCURL_VERSION=\\"7.43.0\\" -DHAVE_CURL_OPENSSL=1 -DHAVE_CURL_SSL=1 -I/usr/local/Cellar/curl/7.84.0/include -I/usr/local/opt/python@3.9/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -c src/docstrings.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.15-x86_64-cpython-39/src/docstrings.o\n      In file included from src/docstrings.c:4:\n      src/pycurl.h:170:13: fatal error: 'openssl/crypto.h' file not found\n      #   include <openssl/crypto.h>\n                  ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n      1 error generated.\n      error: command '/usr/bin/clang' failed with exit code 1\n      [end of output]\n

\n

所以安装 PycURL 失败，因为它找不到openssl包含目录。

\n

我首先添加cryptography==37.0.4到requirements.txt文件中，但后来我得到：

\n

src/pycurl.h:178:13: fatal error: 'openssl/ssl.h' file not found\n

\n

然后我尝试安装最新openssl版本：

\n

brew update\nbrew install openssl\nbrew link --force openssl\nln -s /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libcrypto.3.dylib /usr/local/lib/\nln -s /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/libssl.3.dylib /usr/local/lib/\nln -s /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/3.0.4/bin/openssl /usr/local/bin/openssl\n

\n

但这没有帮助。

\n

我也尝试过：

\n

export PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY=openssl\nexport LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl@3/lib"\nexport CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl@3/include"\n\npip install --no-cache-dir --compile --ignore-installed --install-option="--with-openssl" pycurl\n

\n

但也没有成功。\n对此有什么帮助吗？

\n

Answer 1

最终有帮助的是：

\n

\n
1. pycurl从requirements.txt文件中删除
\n
2. 安装openssl：brew install openssl
\n
3. 查找openssl安装目录
\n

\n

$ brew --prefix openssl\n/usr/local/opt/openssl@3\n\n$ ls -la /usr/local/opt/openssl@3\nlrwxr-xr-x  1 runner  admin  25 Jul  6 09:13 /usr/local/opt/openssl@3 -> ../Cellar/openssl@3/3.0.4\n

\n

\n
4. 安装 PycURL 并指定内联上述openssl安装目录，如下所示：
\n

\n

PYCURL_SSL_LIBRARY=openssl LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/Cellar/openssl@3/3.0.4/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/Cellar/openssl@3/3.0.4/include" pip3 install --no-cache-dir pycurl\n

\n

\n
5. 现在 PycURL 安装没有任何问题：
\n

\n

Collecting pycurl\n  Downloading pycurl-7.45.1.tar.gz (233 kB)\n     \xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81\xe2\x94\x81 233.9/233.9 kB 64.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00\n  Preparing metadata (setup.py): started\n  Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status \'done\'\nBuilding wheels for collected packages: pycurl\n  Building wheel for pycurl (setup.py): started\n  Building wheel for pycurl (setup.py): finished with status \'done\'\n  Created wheel for pycurl: filename=pycurl-7.45.1-cp39-cp39-macosx_10_15_x86_64.whl size=146607 sha256=aff9581cbd6ddec739c529df376ad2d4edf49dafdad179a9b68bddeb60a739b3\n  Stored in directory: /private/var/folders/24/8k48jl6d249_n_qfxwsl6xvm0000gn/T/pip-ephem-wheel-cache-hjqadgim/wheels/4d/ef/77/ffab9dc4b0016ce4f780b752e0020815e416f0d27a701a816f\nSuccessfully built pycurl\nInstalling collected packages: pycurl\nSuccessfully installed pycurl-7.45.1\n\n

\n