错误：无法为 pycocotools 构建轮子，这是安装基于 pyproject.toml 的项目所必需的

Question

我在使用对象检测 API 安装 TensorFlow 时遇到问题。\n我按照此 URL 中的步骤操作： https: //github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/tf2.md

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步骤：

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git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/models.git\n\ncd models/research\nprotoc object_detection/protos/*.proto --python_out=.\ncp object_detection/packages/tf2/setup.py .\npython -m pip install \n

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我得到的错误是 pycocotools builds erro

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Building wheel for pycocotools (pyproject.toml) ... error\n  error: subprocess-exited-with-error\n\n  \xc3\x97 Building wheel for pycocotools (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.\n  \xe2\x94\x82 exit code: 1\n  \xe2\x95\xb0\xe2\x94\x80> [14 lines of output]\n      running bdist_wheel\n      running build\n      running build_py\n      creating build\n      creating build\\lib.win-amd64-cpython-38\n      creating build\\lib.win-amd64-cpython-38\\pycocotools\n      copying pycocotools\\coco.py -> build\\lib.win-amd64-cpython-38\\pycocotools\n      copying pycocotools\\cocoeval.py -> build\\lib.win-amd64-cpython-38\\pycocotools\n      copying pycocotools\\mask.py -> build\\lib.win-amd64-cpython-38\\pycocotools\n      copying pycocotools\\__init__.py -> build\\lib.win-amd64-cpython-38\\pycocotools\n      running build_ext\n      skipping \'pycocotools\\_mask.c\' Cython extension (up-to-date)\n      building \'pycocotools._mask\' extension\n      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/\n      [end of output]\n\n  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.\n  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycocotools\n  Building wheel for crcmod (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for crcmod: filename=crcmod-1.7-py3-none-any.whl size=18834 sha256=f81bd6fe750138daa391b2214a9304fb6ad9919f8e387323ac98770b0aa3c232\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\ca\\5a\\02\\f3acf982a026f3319fb3e798a8dca2d48fafee7761788562e9\n  Building wheel for dill (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for dill: filename=dill-0.3.1.1-py3-none-any.whl size=78628 sha256=75f647cd694be489e90d86ef98dff772eedb027b3f896ca6370b61ea29d7dfce\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\07\\35\\78\\e9004fa30578734db7f10e7a211605f3f0778d2bdde38a239d\n  Building wheel for kaggle (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for kaggle: filename=kaggle-1.5.12-py3-none-any.whl size=73031 sha256=8d131b867ba05b1c4a2e1e1a49563d5914cb7b33f36f68a8128904c720331ea6\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\29\\da\\11\\144cc25aebdaeb4931b231e25fd34b394e6a5725cbb2f50106\n  Building wheel for py-cpuinfo (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for py-cpuinfo: filename=py_cpuinfo-8.0.0-py3-none-any.whl size=22243 sha256=92746edde55411f7346e17ee63ca616212930c5fa5f005036aef965dd9baca06\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\57\\cb\\6d\\bab2257f26c5be4a96ff65c3d2a7122c96529b73773ee37f36\n  Building wheel for seqeval (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for seqeval: filename=seqeval-1.2.2-py3-none-any.whl size=16165 sha256=d985a9f1092a64367568bcf2bb648003c4ccc7387750cf64298f1c5b7516075a\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\ad\\5c\\ba\\05fa33fa5855777b7d686e843ec07452f22a66a138e290e732\n  Building wheel for termcolor (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for termcolor: filename=termcolor-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl size=4832 sha256=4caa3ff6ab601564aa03dfbaed490fd0470481d2ccd75c4c4aad8a76dfb57ce8\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\a0\\16\\9c\\5473df82468f958445479c59e784896fa24f4a5fc024b0f501\n  Building wheel for docopt (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for docopt: filename=docopt-0.6.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl size=13706 sha256=c91a22c0b5638b26b0a5eb72354fafae0c1db8d5281ecedb5db105e2b9ac4dec\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\56\\ea\\58\\ead137b087d9e326852a851351d1debf4ada529b6ac0ec4e8c\n  Building wheel for promise (setup.py) ... done\n  Created wheel for promise: filename=promise-2.3-py3-none-any.whl size=21486 sha256=85eb3ac751ef78bcf8214c5ec38acebf3ec316ef989990477b98d3798fddd751\n  Stored in directory: C:\\Users\\ainul\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-ephem-wheel-cache-7zr_bch5\\wheels\\54\\aa\\01\\724885182f93150035a2a91bce34a12877e8067a97baaf5dc8\nSuccessfully built object-detection avro-python3 crcmod dill kaggle py-cpuinfo seqeval termcolor docopt promise\nFailed to build pycocotools\nERROR: Could not build wheels for pycocotools, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects\n

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我使用的是conda环境。这是我的构建版本

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# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel\nca-certificates           2022.4.26            haa95532_0\ncertifi                   2022.5.18.1      py38haa95532_0\nh5py                      2.10.0                   pypi_0    pypi\nnumpy                     1.22.4                   pypi_0    pypi\nopenssl                   1.1.1o               h2bbff1b_0\np5py                      1.0.0                    pypi_0    pypi\npep517                    0.12.0                   pypi_0    pypi\npip                       22.1.2                   pypi_0    pypi\npkgconfig                 1.5.5                    pypi_0    pypi\npython                    3.8.8                hdbf39b2_5\nsetuptools                62.4.0                   pypi_0    pypi\nsix                       1.16.0                   pypi_0    pypi\nsqlite                    3.38.3               h2bbff1b_0\ntomli                     2.0.1                    pypi_0    pypi\nvc                        14.2                 h21ff451_1\nvs2015_runtime            14.27.29016          h5e58377_2\nwheel                     0.37.1             pyhd3eb1b0_0\nwincertstore              0.2              py38haa95532_2\n

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Answer 1

希望还不算太晚。

我遇到了同样的问题，我做了什么并解决了它：

sudo apt-get install gcc

然后确保构建 pycocotools，如下所示：

pip install cython

git clone https://github.com/cocodataset/cocoapi.git

cd cocoapi/PythonAPI
make
cp -r pycocotools <PATH_TO_TF>/TensorFlow/models/research/

重置您的终端并尝试再次安装

最后根据研究测试您的安装：

python object_detection/builders/model_builder_tf2_test.py

你应该看到这样的东西：

在 33.388 秒内完成 24 次测试

好的（跳过=1）

Answer 2

• 这个错误是因为没有安装python开发包。
• python-dev 包包含构建 Python 扩展所需的头文件。

要安装 python-dev 包，请运行以下命令：

sudo apt install python3.x-dev

x：python 的次要版本