从重载函数中提取返回类型

Question

我想提取函数的返回类型.问题是,还有其他函数具有相同的名称但签名不同,我无法让C++选择合适的函数.我知道std :: result_of,但是从几次尝试我得出结论它也遇到了同样的问题.我也听说过涉及decltype的解决方案,但我不知道具体细节.

目前我正在使用模板元编程从函数指针类型中提取返回类型,这对于有限数量的参数(任何非限制解决方案？)都可以正常工作,因为函数指针类型的提取适用于明确的函数.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//  ----

#define resultof(x)     typename ResultOf<typeof(x)>::Type  //  might need a & before x

template <class T>
class ResultOf
{
    public:
        typedef void Type;      //  might need to be T instead of void; see below
};

template <class R>
class ResultOf<R (*) ()>
{
    public:
        typedef R Type;
};

template <class R, class P>
class ResultOf<R (*) (P)>
{
    public:
        typedef R Type;
};

//  ----

class NoDefaultConstructor
{
    public:
        NoDefaultConstructor (int) {}
};


int f ();
int f ()
{
    cout << "f" << endl;
    return 1;
}

double f (int x);
double f (int x)
{
    cout << "f(int)" << endl;
    return x + 2.0;
}

bool f (NoDefaultConstructor);
bool f (NoDefaultConstructor)
{
    cout << "f(const NoDefaultConstructor)" << endl;
    return false;
}

int g ();
int g ()
{
    cout << "g" << endl;
    return 4;
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[])
{
    if(argc||argv){}

//  this works since there is no ambiguity. does not work without &
//  resultof(&g) x0 = 1;
//  cout << x0 << endl;

//  does not work since type of f is unknown due to ambiguity. same thing without &
//  resultof(&f) x1 = 1;
//  cout << x1 << endl;

//  does not work since typeof(f()) is int, not a member function pointer; we COULD use T instead of void in the unspecialized class template to make it work. same thing with &
//  resultof(f()) x2 = 1;
//  cout << x2 << endl;

//  does not work per above, and compiler thinks differently from a human about f(int); no idea how to make it correct
//  resultof(f(int)) x3 = 1;
//  cout << x3 << endl;

//  does not work per case 2
//  resultof(f(int())) x4 = 1;
//  cout << x4 << endl;

//  does not work per case 2, and due to the lack of a default constructor
//  resultof(f(NoDefaultConstructor())) x5 = 1;
//  cout << x5 << endl;

//  this works but it does not solve the problem, we need to extract return type from a particular function, not a function type
//  resultof(int(*)(int)) x6 = 1;
//  cout << x6 << endl;

}

任何想法我缺少什么语法功能以及如何解决它,最好是一个简单的解决方案,例如resultof(f(int))？

Answer 1

我认为这是可以做到的decltype和declval:

例如:decltype(f(std::declval<T>())).