valgrind：无效写入

Question

在以下代码中：

void ResourceFitter::copyToLarvalResources( const gsl_vector* input ){
    assert( input->size == invLarvalResources.size() );
    if( invLarvalResources.size() != 365 ){
        cout<<"error: iLR.size(): "<<invLarvalResources.size()<<endl;
        exit(21);
    }
    // inverting larval resources may help fitting algorithm, so we do that here:
    for( size_t i=0; i<invLarvalResources.size(); ++i ){
        if( i >= 365 ){
            cout<<"error: i="<<i<<endl;
            exit(22);
        }
        double val = gsl_vector_get( input, i );
        invLarvalResources[i] = 1.0 / val;
    }
}

这是 ResourceFitter.cpp 中的几行。第 380 行是最后一行代码（在 invLarvalResources 中赋值）。invLarvalResources 是一个vector<double>.

valgrind 抱怨：

==30152== Invalid write of size 8
==30152==    at 0x8ED3E5: OM::Transmission::Vector::ResourceFitter::copyToLarvalResources(gsl_vector const*) (ResourceFitter.cpp:380)
==30152==    by 0x8ECE99: OM::Transmission::Vector::ResourceFitter::sampler(gsl_vector const*) (ResourceFitter.cpp:334)
==30152==    by 0x8EB64D: OM::Transmission::Vector::ResourceFitter_minimise_sampler(gsl_vector const*, void*) (ResourceFitter.cpp:88)
==30152==    by 0x4F3249A: ??? (in /usr/lib/libgsl.so.0.16.0)
==30152==    by 0x8ED5C4: OM::util::MultidimMinimiser::MultidimMinimiser(gsl_multimin_fminimizer_type const*, unsigned long, double (*)(gsl_vector const*, void*), void*, gsl_vector*, gsl_vector*) (MultidimSolver.h:71)
==30152==    by 0x8EC45E: OM::Transmission::Vector::ResourceFitter::fit(unsigned long, OM::Transmission::Vector::ResourceFitter::FitMethod, unsigned long) (ResourceFitter.cpp:217)
==30152==    by 0x8EC308: OM::Transmission::Vector::ResourceFitter::fit() (ResourceFitter.cpp:183)
==30152==    by 0x8E474F: OM::Transmission::Vector::SpeciesModel::init2(unsigned long, std::list<OM::Host::Human, std::allocator<OM::Host::Human> > const&, int, double) (SpeciesModel.cpp:393)
==30152==    by 0x8DA29E: OM::Transmission::VectorModel::init2(std::list<OM::Host::Human, std::allocator<OM::Host::Human> > const&, int) (VectorModel.cpp:163)
==30152==    by 0x81C08F: OM::Population::createInitialHumans() (Population.cpp:165)
==30152==    by 0x8172E8: OM::Simulation::start() (Simulation.cpp:120)
==30152==    by 0x816615: main (openMalaria.cpp:53)
==30152==  Address 0x8ca3d10 is 0 bytes inside a block of size 2,920 free'd
==30152==    at 0x4C2658C: operator delete(void*) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreload_memcheck-amd64-linux.so)
==30152==    by 0x822515: __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<double>::deallocate(double*, unsigned long) (new_allocator.h:98)
==30152==    by 0x81FDBB: std::_Vector_base<double, std::allocator<double> >::_M_deallocate(double*, unsigned long) (stl_vector.h:156)
==30152==    by 0x81FC98: std::_Vector_base<double, std::allocator<double> >::~_Vector_base() (stl_vector.h:142)
==30152==    by 0x81E82B: std::vector<double, std::allocator<double> >::~vector() (stl_vector.h:351)
==30152==    by 0x8DB5D2: OM::Transmission::Vector::MosqLifeCycleParams::~MosqLifeCycleParams() (in /home/dhardy/code/openmalaria/build-debug/openMalaria)
==30152==    by 0x8DBA24: OM::Transmission::Vector::MosquitoTransmission::~MosquitoTransmission() (in /home/dhardy/code/openmalaria/build-debug/openMalaria)
==30152==    by 0x8E4719: OM::Transmission::Vector::SpeciesModel::init2(unsigned long, std::list<OM::Host::Human, std::allocator<OM::Host::Human> > const&, int, double) (SpeciesModel.cpp:391)
==30152==    by 0x8DA29E: OM::Transmission::VectorModel::init2(std::list<OM::Host::Human, std::allocator<OM::Host::Human> > const&, int) (VectorModel.cpp:163)
==30152==    by 0x81C08F: OM::Population::createInitialHumans() (Population.cpp:165)
==30152==    by 0x8172E8: OM::Simulation::start() (Simulation.cpp:120)
==30152==    by 0x816615: main (openMalaria.cpp:53)

调试行 (cout<<...) 永远不会被打印出来。那么从 valgrind 的说法看来，invLarvalResources 已被释放？从查看似乎并非如此的代码来看，在这种情况下，valgrind 不应该抱怨之前对 invLarvalResources 的读取吗？

那么 valgrind 在这方面是完全错误的还是发生了其他事情？在没有 valgrind 的情况下运行我没有遇到这个问题，但我确实得到了一个奇怪的数值结果，这在孤立的单元测试中是找不到的。在解决另一个错误之前，我还遇到了 SIGSEGV（我确信不应该导致 SIGSEGV）。

构建标志是 -g -rdynamic，编译器是通过 ccache 的 gcc 4.6.1。如果你想要完整的源代码，我很乐意为你指出：svn co http://openmalaria.googlecode.com/svn/branches/vec-lifecycle

任何帮助将非常感激！

Answer 1

你那里有很多代码......

快速浏览一下就会发现它invLarvalResources是对 a拥有的 a的引用。vectorMosqLifeCycleParams

发生的事情是您将按MosquitoTransmission 值传递给ResourceFitter构造函数。当该对象被销毁时——即构造函数一返回——它就会销毁它的MosqLifeCycleParams，它反过来又拥有你刚刚存储了一个引用的向量。
欢闹随之而来。

您需要对引用和所有权更加小心（包括您将非常量引用返回到私有变量的习惯。这使它们有效地公开。）

道德：当你认为你在工具中发现了一个错误时，它很可能是你的代码中的一个错误。