try*_*dom 4 python math visualization
假设我有常规的笛卡尔坐标系 $(x,y)$ 并且我考虑一个矩形网格区域 $D$ (分成小方块)。我想看看域 D 如何在 Python 中的坐标变换 T:(x,y) -> (u(x,y) ,v(x,y) ) 下映射?
我正在寻找这样的东西:
看这里。
可以建议我如何做到这一点吗?我是 python 和编程的初学者。
如果我理解正确的话,您希望能够看到一种变换后的笛卡尔空间的网格图?在这种情况下,也许类似这样,使用 Numpy 和 Matplotlib。(你可以用 Pillow 做同样的事情来画一些线条,但这更方便......)
编辑:根据评论中的讨论,与更简单的原始版本相比,我对此进行了一些更改(请参阅编辑历史记录),以便更轻松地绘制多个转换,以及对线条进行着色,以便更轻松地遵循它们的方式重新转变。不过,它仍然非常简单。(为了好玩,我还进行了一些额外的转换。)
import math
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
colormap = cm.get_cmap("rainbow")
def plot_grid(
xmin: float,
xmax: float,
ymin: float,
ymax: float,
n_lines: int,
line_points: int,
map_func,
):
"""
Plot a transformation of a regular grid.
:param xmin: Minimum x value
:param xmax: Maximum x value
:param ymin: Minimum y value
:param ymax: Maximum y value
:param n_lines: Number of lines per axis
:param line_points: Number of points per line
:param map_func: Function to map the grid points to new coordinates
"""
# List for gathering the lines into.
lines = []
# Iterate over horizontal lines.
for y in np.linspace(ymin, ymax, n_lines):
lines.append([map_func(x, y) for x in np.linspace(xmin, xmax, line_points)])
# Iterate over vertical lines.
for x in np.linspace(xmin, xmax, n_lines):
lines.append([map_func(x, y) for y in np.linspace(ymin, ymax, line_points)])
# Plot all the lines.
for i, line in enumerate(lines):
p = i / (len(lines) - 1) # Normalize to 0-1.
# Transpose the list of points for passing to plot.
xs, ys = zip(*line)
# Get the line color from the colormap.
plt.plot(xs, ys, color=colormap(p))
# Define some mapping functions.
def identity(x, y):
return x, y
def example(x, y):
c = complex(x, y) ** 2
return (c.real, c.imag)
def wobbly(x: float, y: float):
return x + math.sin(y * 2) * 0.2, y + math.cos(x * 2) * 0.3
def vortex(x: float, y: float):
dst = (x - 2) ** 2 + (y - 2) ** 2
ang = math.atan2(y - 2, x - 2)
return math.cos(ang - dst * 0.1) * dst, math.sin(ang - dst * 0.1) * dst
# Set up the plot surface...
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
plt.tight_layout()
plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.title("Identity")
plot_grid(0, 4, 0, 4, 10, 10, identity)
plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.title("Example")
plot_grid(0, 4, 0, 4, 10, 10, example)
plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.title("Wobbly")
plot_grid(0, 4, 0, 4, 10, 40, wobbly)
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.title("Vortex")
plot_grid(0, 4, 0, 4, 10, 40, vortex)
plt.savefig("so71735261-2.png")
plt.show()
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