该交易声明链 ID 5777，但连接的节点位于 1337

Question

我正在尝试通过使用 python 进行交易，将我的 SimpleStorage.sol 合约部署到 ganache 本地链。连接到链条似乎有问题。

from solcx import compile_standard
from web3 import Web3
import json
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv

load_dotenv()

with open("./SimpleStorage.sol", "r") as file:
    simple_storage_file = file.read()

compiled_sol = compile_standard(
    {
        "language": "Solidity",
        "sources": {"SimpleStorage.sol": {"content": simple_storage_file}},
        "settings": {
            "outputSelection": {
                "*": {"*": ["abi", "metadata", "evm.bytecode", "evm.sourceMap"]}
            }
        },
    },
    solc_version="0.6.0",
)

with open("compiled_code.json", "w") as file:
    json.dump(compiled_sol, file)


# get bytecode
bytecode = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["evm"][
    "bytecode"
]["object"]


# get ABI
abi = compiled_sol["contracts"]["SimpleStorage.sol"]["SimpleStorage"]["abi"]

# to connect to ganache blockchain
w3 = Web3(Web3.HTTPProvider("HTTP://127.0.0.1:7545"))
chain_id = 5777
my_address = "0xca1EA31e644F13E3E36631382686fD471c62267A"
private_key = os.getenv("PRIVATE_KEY")


# create the contract in python

SimpleStorage = w3.eth.contract(abi=abi, bytecode=bytecode)

# get the latest transaction
nonce = w3.eth.getTransactionCount(my_address)

# 1. Build a transaction
# 2. Sign a transaction
# 3. Send a transaction


transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
    {"chainId": chain_id, "from": my_address, "nonce": nonce}
)
print(transaction)

它似乎连接到了 ganache 链，因为它打印了随机数，但是当我构建并尝试打印交易时，这里是我收到的整个回溯调用

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\evens\demos\web3_py_simple_storage\deploy.py", line 
52, in <module>
transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(
File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\decorators.py", line 
18, in _wrapper
return self.method(obj, *args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\contract.py", line 684, in buildTransaction
return fill_transaction_defaults(self.web3, built_transaction)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\_utils\transactions.py", line 114, in 
fill_transaction_defaults
default_val = default_getter(web3, transaction)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\_utils\transactions.py", line 60, in <lambda>
'gas': lambda web3, tx: web3.eth.estimate_gas(tx),
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\eth.py", line 820, in estimate_gas
return self._estimate_gas(transaction, block_identifier)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\module.py", line 57, in caller
result = w3.manager.request_blocking(method_str,
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\manager.py", line 197, in request_blocking
response = self._make_request(method, params)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\manager.py", line 150, in _make_request
return request_func(method, params)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 76, in 
apply_formatters
response = make_request(method, params)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\middleware\gas_price_strategy.py", line 90, in 
middleware
return make_request(method, params)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 74, in 
apply_formatters
response = make_request(method, formatted_params)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\middleware\attrdict.py", line 33, in middleware
response = make_request(method, params)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 74, in 
apply_formatters
response = make_request(method, formatted_params)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\middleware\formatting.py", line 73, in 
apply_formatters
formatted_params = formatter(params)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 503, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.Compose.__call__
ret = PyObject_Call(self.first, args, kwargs)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\decorators.py", line 
91, in wrapper
return ReturnType(result)  # type: ignore
File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\applicators.py", line 
22, in apply_formatter_at_index
yield formatter(item)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python310\lib\site-packages\eth_utils\applicators.py", line 
72, in apply_formatter_if
return formatter(value)
File "cytoolz/functoolz.pyx", line 250, in 
cytoolz.functoolz.curry.__call__
return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Users\evens\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python310\site- 
packages\web3\middleware\validation.py", line 57, in 
validate_chain_id
raise ValidationError(
web3.exceptions.ValidationError: The transaction declared chain ID 
5777, but the connected node is on 1337

Answer 1

我自己也遇到过这个问题，显然是某种 Ganache CLI 错误，但我能找到的最简单的解决方法是通过设置>服务器将 Ganache 中的网络 ID 更改为 1337。它会重新启动会话，因此您需要更改地址并私钥变量。

如果这是我正在做的教程，那么您可能会在这之后陷入困境......交易代码应该是：

transaction = 
 SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction( {
    "gasPrice": w3.eth.gas_price, 
    "chainId": chain_id, 
    "from": my_address, 
    "nonce": nonce, 
})
print(transaction)

否则，如果您不设置 GasPrice，则会出现值错误

Answer 2

这行代码是错误的

chain_id = 5777

Ganache 链 ID 不是 5777。这是网络 ID。节点使用网络 ID 在同一网络上的节点之间传输数据。网络 ID 不包含在区块中，也不用于签署交易或挖掘区块。

 chain_id = 1377

Chain ID也不包含在区块中，但在交易签名和验证过程中使用。

Answer 3

它对我有用，我从 w3.eth.chain_id 获取价值 chain_id

\n

transaction = SimpleStorage.constructor().buildTransaction(\n{\n    "gasPrice": w3.eth.gas_price,\n    "chainId": w3.eth.chain_id,\n    "from": my_address,\n    "nonce": nonce,\n}\n

\n

）

\n

委托给 eth_chainId RPC 方法

\n

返回 EIP-155 中引入的当前配置的 \xe2\x80\x9cChain Id\xe2\x80\x9d 值的整数值。如果没有可用的 Chain Id，则返回 None。

\n