哪些 Mime 类型包含 charset=utf-8 指令？

Question

为了便于可视化，下面是记录查找表。

我似乎在网上找不到任何地方可以告诉您其中哪些应该还包含charset=utf-8.

我应该假设它与文本类似吗？

看一看：

const MEDIA_TYPES: Record<string, string> = {
  ".md": "text/markdown",
  ".html": "text/html",
  ".htm": "text/html",
  ".json": "application/json",
  ".map": "application/json",
  ".txt": "text/plain",
  ".ts": "text/typescript",
  ".tsx": "text/tsx",
  ".js": "application/javascript",
  ".jsx": "text/jsx",
  ".gz": "application/gzip",
  ".css": "text/css",
  ".wasm": "application/wasm",
  ".mjs": "application/javascript",
  ".otf": "font/otf",
  ".ttf": "font/ttf",
  ".woff": "font/woff",
  ".woff2": "font/woff2",
  ".conf": "text/plain",
  ".list": "text/plain",
  ".log": "text/plain",
  ".ini": "text/plain",
  ".vtt": "text/vtt",
  ".yaml": "text/yaml",
  ".yml": "text/yaml",
  ".mid": "audio/midi",
  ".midi": "audio/midi",
  ".mp3": "audio/mp3",
  ".mp4a": "audio/mp4",
  ".m4a": "audio/mp4",
  ".ogg": "audio/ogg",
  ".spx": "audio/ogg",
  ".opus": "audio/ogg",
  ".wav": "audio/wav",
  ".webm": "audio/webm",
  ".aac": "audio/x-aac",
  ".flac": "audio/x-flac",
  ".mp4": "video/mp4",
  ".mp4v": "video/mp4",
  ".mkv": "video/x-matroska",
  ".mov": "video/quicktime",
  ".svg": "image/svg+xml",
  ".avif": "image/avif",
  ".bmp": "image/bmp",
  ".gif": "image/gif",
  ".heic": "image/heic",
  ".heif": "image/heif",
  ".jpeg": "image/jpeg",
  ".jpg": "image/jpeg",
  ".png": "image/png",
  ".tiff": "image/tiff",
  ".psd": "image/vnd.adobe.photoshop",
  ".ico": "image/vnd.microsoft.icon",
  ".webp": "image/webp",
  ".es": "application/ecmascript",
  ".epub": "application/epub+zip",
  ".jar": "application/java-archive",
  ".war": "application/java-archive",
  ".webmanifest": "application/manifest+json",
  ".doc": "application/msword",
  ".dot": "application/msword",
  ".docx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document",
  ".dotx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template",
  ".cjs": "application/node",
  ".bin": "application/octet-stream",
  ".pkg": "application/octet-stream",
  ".dump": "application/octet-stream",
  ".exe": "application/octet-stream",
  ".deploy": "application/octet-stream",
  ".img": "application/octet-stream",
  ".msi": "application/octet-stream",
  ".pdf": "application/pdf",
  ".pgp": "application/pgp-encrypted",
  ".asc": "application/pgp-signature",
  ".sig": "application/pgp-signature",
  ".ai": "application/postscript",
  ".eps": "application/postscript",
  ".ps": "application/postscript",
  ".rdf": "application/rdf+xml",
  ".rss": "application/rss+xml",
  ".rtf": "application/rtf",
  ".apk": "application/vnd.android.package-archive",
  ".key": "application/vnd.apple.keynote",
  ".numbers": "application/vnd.apple.keynote",
  ".pages": "application/vnd.apple.pages",
  ".geo": "application/vnd.dynageo",
  ".gdoc": "application/vnd.google-apps.document",
  ".gslides": "application/vnd.google-apps.presentation",
  ".gsheet": "application/vnd.google-apps.spreadsheet",
  ".kml": "application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml",
  ".mkz": "application/vnd.google-earth.kmz",
  ".icc": "application/vnd.iccprofile",
  ".icm": "application/vnd.iccprofile",
  ".xls": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
  ".xlsx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet",
  ".xlm": "application/vnd.ms-excel",
  ".ppt": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
  ".pot": "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint",
  ".pptx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation",
  ".potx": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template",
  ".xps": "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument",
  ".odc": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart",
  ".odb": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database",
  ".odf": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula",
  ".odg": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics",
  ".odp": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation",
  ".ods": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet",
  ".odt": "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text",
  ".rar": "application/vnd.rar",
  ".unityweb": "application/vnd.unity",
  ".dmg": "application/x-apple-diskimage",
  ".bz": "application/x-bzip",
  ".crx": "application/x-chrome-extension",
  ".deb": "application/x-debian-package",
  ".php": "application/x-httpd-php",
  ".iso": "application/x-iso9660-image",
  ".sh": "application/x-sh",
  ".sql": "application/x-sql",
  ".srt": "application/x-subrip",
  ".xml": "application/xml",
  ".zip": "application/zip",
};

/** Returns the content-type based on the extension of a path. */
function contentType(pathname: string): string | undefined {
  return MEDIA_TYPES[pathname];
}

console.log(contentType("/dashboard/v1/index.html"));
console.log(contentType("/dashboard/v1/logo.svg"));

Answer 1

MDN 说：

例如，对于任何主要类型为文本的 MIME 类型，您可以添加可选的 charset 参数来指定数据中的字符所使用的字符集。如果未指定字符集，则默认值为 ASCII (US-ASCII)，除非被用户代理的设置覆盖。要指定 UTF-8 文本文件，请使用 MIME 类型 text/plain;charset=UTF-8。

因此，对于任何基于text/...您可以选择添加字符集的内容。

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types#struction_of_a_mime_type

以下contentType()功能更新演示了一种解决方案。

/** Returns the content-type based on the extension of a path. */
function contentType(ext: string): string | undefined {

  const charsetUtf8 = "; charset=UTF-8";

  // Content types that do not start with text/.. but usually contain charset=utf-8
  const specialCase = [
    "application/json",
    "application/xml",
    "application/rss+xml",
  ];

  let outputContentType = MEDIA_TYPES[ext];

  // Return undefined.
  if(!outputContentType) return;

  if(outputContentType.startsWith("text/") || specialCase.includes(outputContentType)) {

    // Combine Content-Type with charset=utf-8
    outputContentType = outputContentType + charsetUtf8;

  // Return combined.
    return outputContentType;

  } else {
    // Return for any other types or undefined.
    return outputContentType;
  }
  
}

然后理论上，您可以返回422: Unprocessable EntityMIME 类型列表中不存在的任何内容类型。

let requestedFilePath = path.join("./", context.main.http.server.root, urlPathNameParsed.dir, urlPathNameParsed.base);

try {
  // try as file...
  const file = await Deno.readFile(requestedFilePath);

  // If file extension is not on media list...
  if(typeof(contentType(urlPathNameParsed.ext)) === 'undefined') { 

    // Set Content-Type header for this response
    responseHeaders.set('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=UTF-8');

    await e.respondWith(
      new Response("HTTP 422: Unprocessable Entity", {
        headers: responseHeaders,
        status: 422,
        statusText: 'Unprocessable Entity',
      })
    );

  } else {

    // Set Content-Type header for this response
    responseHeaders.set('Content-Type', `${contentType(urlPathNameParsed.ext)}`);

    // Build and send the response
    await e.respondWith(
      new Response(file, {
        headers: responseHeaders, 
        status: 200, 
        statusText: 'OK'
      })
    );

  }