我希望auto关键字从初始化器中推断出变量的类型一次,并在整个代码中保持该类型。令我惊讶的是,我的编译器 ( g++ 9.3.0) 允许我更改它的类型并且它仍然有效。当我第一次使用变量作为 int 然后作为 float 时,这对我来说是可以接受的。但是,当我使用auto关键字声明一个字符串,然后为该变量分配一个浮点值时,编译器不会抛出错误,但也不会在浮点赋值后打印该值。有人可以解释为什么它允许首先将浮点值分配给字符串变量吗?编译器每次都只接受新的赋值吗?或者它是否抛出某种我无法捕获的异常?下面的代码 -
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
auto x = '2';
std::cout << x << std::endl;
x = 3.0; // Why is this allowed?
std::cout << x << std::endl; // This won't print
return 0;
}
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为了向您展示发生了什么,我通过一些编译时类型检查扩展了该示例:
#include <type_traits>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
auto x = '2';
// decltype(x) is the type for variable x
// compare it at compile time with char type
static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(x), char>);
std::cout << x << std::endl;
x = 3.0; // Why is this allowed? because it does a narrowing conversion from double to char
// my compiler even gives this warning :
// main.cpp(11,6): warning C4244: '=': conversion from 'double' to 'char', possible loss of data
// type of x is still the same and it is still a char
static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(x), char>);
std::cout << static_cast<int>(x) << std::endl; // the cast is here to be able to print the actual value of the char
return 0;
}
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