R部分II的重量数据

Question

给出以下数据框:

structure(list(UH6401 = c(1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 
1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 
0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 
1, 0, 1, 1), UH6402 = c(1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 
1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
0, 1, 1), UH6403 = c(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
1, 1), UH6404 = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 
0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 
1), UH6409 = c(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 
1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 
1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0
), UH6410 = c(1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0
), UH6411 = c(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 
1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1
), UH6412 = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1
), UH6503 = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
), UH66 = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), 
    UH68 = c(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), UH6501a = c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
    1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 
    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
    1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), UH6405a = c(1, 
    0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 
    0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 
    0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 
    1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
    1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 
    1, 0, 1, 1), UH6407a = c(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
    1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 
    1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 
    1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
    0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1), weight = c(405.002592353822, 
    479.360356183825, 526.548105855472, 810.005184707644, 312.321528531308, 
    930.961115757095, 567.383058387095, 475.323944260643, 1226.91439266118, 
    517.086839792615, 1200.2669656949, 810.005184707644, 656.723784884795, 
    605.370463928298, 668.467435759576, 558.112457492436, 793.751055244424, 
    479.360356183825, 1226.91439266118, 1606.54816212786, 1657.48609449633, 
    300.803580980276, 605.370463928298, 1140.55078447979, 669.102760422943, 
    810.005184707644, 1657.48609449633, 305.569853371963, 2994.30343152033, 
    762.922030382216, 479.360356183825, 1147.36030437824, 668.467435759576, 
    517.086839792615, 479.360356183825, 399.141865860217, 656.723784884795, 
    913.364738988386, 312.321528531308, 569.10576379231, 775.630259688922, 
    1207.22952429547, 1053.09621171094, 1140.55078447979, 314.857225320909, 
    668.467435759576, 2416.57081451012, 573.680152189121, 396.875527622212, 
    605.370463928298, 1036.3159447043, 3088.62283807823, 569.10576379231, 
    1140.55078447979, 2416.57081451012, 1147.36030437824, 762.922030382216, 
    702.064141140629, 351.032070570315, 629.714450641817, 517.086839792615, 
    1996.20228768022, 828.743047248167, 475.323944260643, 920.185794495882, 
    793.751055244424, 796.08788273764, 1197.42559758065, 405.002592353822, 
    418.584343119327, 300.803580980276, 654.76828203733, 2740.09421696516, 
    351.032070570315, 1069.6202614693, 2094.91447516374, 399.141865860217, 
    654.76828203733, 1003.65414063441, 573.680152189121, 851.074587580641, 
    913.364738988386, 762.922030382216, 1034.17367958523, 573.680152189121, 
    479.360356183825, 3208.8607844079, 654.76828203733, 908.055695892447, 
    328.361892442398, 1036.3159447043, 702.064141140629, 613.457196330588, 
    601.607161960551, 567.383058387095, 479.360356183825, 306.261087672466, 
    920.185794495882, 654.76828203733, 828.743047248167)), .Names = c("UH6401", 
"UH6402", "UH6403", "UH6404", "UH6409", "UH6410", "UH6411", "UH6412", 
"UH6503", "UH66", "UH68", "UH6501a", "UH6405a", "UH6407a", "weight"
), row.names = c(NA, 100L), class = "data.frame")

在社会科学中,我们通常有一个权重变量来通过该变量的因子对案例(行)进行加权,以校正样本以适合例如按年龄分类的人口.如果一行的权重变量是"1.6",则意味着需要观察该行1.6次以适合基础群体.

在SPSS中我会写

WEIGHT BY weight. 

并且该命令之后的所有过程将相应地加权数据.

在RI中可以使用命令进行stabs

xtabs(weight ~ UH6401, data=df)

但是,如果我想进行SVD​​或PCA分析呢？这里没有像xtabs那样对数据进行加权的功能.

所以问题是,是否有一种方法可以在SP中对R中的数据进行加权？整数的点很容易,因为因子"2"我们只会加倍线,但所有十进制因子是什么？

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更新:

SVD或PCA只是一个例子!采取任何其他统计程序.在社会科学中,样本从来都不是完美的,但是要对样本数据进行统计分析,样本需要代表基本人口,但样本大多不需要.所以我们尝试用权重来修正这个缺陷,所以样本代表基本人口!

Answer 1

首先,对这些数据进行PCA是没有意义的.其次,SPSS不执行PCA,而是执行因子分析,这是其他原因.我知道他们称之为PCA,但事实并非如此.

SPSS中的WEIGHT BY只不过是一个复制权重,与使用rep()以下方法重复您的案例进行分析完全相同:完全疯狂.要链接到您的示例:在SPSS中,FACTOR(用于所谓的PCA)不采用分数权重.

如果您想执行加权过程,那么唯一明智的方法是使用正确的方法/函数/包.在统计数据中,没有一个适合所有人的重量程序,这与SPSS喜欢让你相信的相反.

在您的示例中:R中的加权PCA包含在FactoMineR和aroma.light中.但我强烈建议您再看一下纯素包,因为它包含了更多有用的排序方法来处理您所描述的数据.

Answer 2

您可能需要熟悉 R. Baron 的 RSiteSearch 和 Rseek 的搜索引擎：这是 Baron 网站上“加权 PCA”的首批点击之一：

http://finzi.psych.upenn.edu/R/library/aroma.light/html/wpca.matrix.html

随着对 Joris Meys 回应的评论中的澄清，答案通常是人们需要明确一个是希望样本权重与其他类型的权重。回归加权是用survey包完成的。Lumley 的关于调查方法的书区分了三种类型的权重。（lm函数中的“权重”是方差权重，而不是样本权重。）

注意：PCA 和因子分析（实验）都包含在调查包中。所以也许多米尼克的问题要求在回归方法中采用统一的加权方法有一个单一的“答案”。