Python：如何解决 Apple Silicon 上的 numpy ImportError？

Question

我通过 miniforge3 在 m1 AppleSilicon 上安装了 python 虚拟环境。

执行后conda -create py39 numpy matplotlib pandas python=3.9

我检查了一下conda list，numpy 包已经安装了。

但是当我这样做时，import numpy as np发生了导入错误。

像这样

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py in <module>
     21 try:
---> 22     from . import multiarray
     23 except ImportError as exc:

~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.py in <module>
     11 
---> 12 from . import overrides
     13 from . import _multiarray_umath

~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/overrides.py in <module>
      6 
----> 7 from numpy.core._multiarray_umath import (
      8     add_docstring, implement_array_function, _get_implementing_args)

ImportError: dlopen(/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: @rpath/libcblas.3.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-darwin.so
  Reason: tried: '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/../../../../libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/../../../../libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/bin/../lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/bin/../lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

ImportError                               Traceback (most recent call last)
/var/folders/yk/7dwhc7352g3fm0rp04d22qmw0000gn/T/ipykernel_52010/3593848235.py in <module>
----> 1 import numpy as np

~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/__init__.py in <module>
    148     from . import _distributor_init
    149 
--> 150     from . import core
    151     from .core import *
    152     from . import compat

~/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py in <module>
     46 """ % (sys.version_info[0], sys.version_info[1], sys.executable,
     47         __version__, exc)
---> 48     raise ImportError(msg)
     49 finally:
     50     for envkey in env_added:

ImportError: 

IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ THIS FOR ADVICE ON HOW TO SOLVE THIS ISSUE!

Importing the numpy C-extensions failed. This error can happen for
many reasons, often due to issues with your setup or how NumPy was
installed.

We have compiled some common reasons and troubleshooting tips at:

    https://numpy.org/devdocs/user/troubleshooting-importerror.html

Please note and check the following:

  * The Python version is: Python3.9 from "/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/bin/python"
  * The NumPy version is: "1.21.1"

and make sure that they are the versions you expect.
Please carefully study the documentation linked above for further help.

Original error was: dlopen(/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-darwin.so, 0x0002): Library not loaded: @rpath/libcblas.3.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-39-darwin.so
  Reason: tried: '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/../../../../libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/../../../../libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/bin/../lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/Users/frank_qin/miniforge3/bin/../lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/local/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file), '/usr/lib/libcblas.3.dylib' (no such file)

请告诉我如何解决这个错误！

Answer 1

您可以参考这个问题：https ://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/12970 。

简而言之，您可以尝试通过以下方式安装 openblas

conda install openblas

这解决了我的问题。

Answer 2

以下命令序列对我有用：

conda clean --all
conda install openblas
----
conda uninstall numpy
conda install numpy