通过 for 循环创建嵌套字典

Question

我在使用 for 循环在另一个字典中创建具有多个键和值的字典时遇到问题。

我有一个程序可以读取另一个文本文件，然后将其信息输入到字典中。该文件看起来像这样：

GPU;GeForce GTX 1070 Ti;430
CPU;AMD Ryzen 7 2700X;233
GPU;GeForce GTX 2060;400
CPU;Intel Core i7-11700;360
RAM;HyperX 16GB;180
PSU;Corsair RM850X;210

我想要实现的是，我尝试为每个组件类型 {GPU、CPU、RAM、PSU 等} 创建一个字典，并尝试输入另一个字典，该字典由多个键组成以及值为 {name1 :price1, name2 :price2, etc.} 运行程序后，完整的字典应如下所示：

"GPU": {"GeForce GTX 1070 Ti": 430, "GeForce GTX 2060 2": 233},
"CPU": {"AMD Ryzen 7 2700X": 233, "Intel Core i7-11700 : 360},
"RAM": {"HyperX 16GB": 180},
"PSU": {"Corsair RM850X": 210}

但相反，它看起来像这样：

"GPU": {"GeForce GTX 2060 2": 233},
"CPU": {"Intel Core i7-11700 : 360},
"RAM": {"HyperX 16GB": 180},
"PSU": {"Corsair RM850X": 210}

问题是：我无法正确创建字典，因为新的内部键和值会相互覆盖。我怎样才能使这个循环不这样做，而是只是在内部字典中逐个添加新值？

这是我的代码：

def main():
    filename = input("Enter the component file name: ")
    file = open(filename, mode="r")

    # Defining the outer dict. This dict's keys are the component types and
    # it's values are inner dictionaries.
    outer_dict = {}

    for row in file:
        row = row.strip()
        parts = row.split(";")

        # Defining variables for each part per line.
        type = parts[0]
        name = parts[1]
        price = int(parts[2])

        # Defining the inner dict. This dict's keys are the component's name
        # and it's price. There can be multiple names and prices in this dict.
        inner_dict = {}

        # Adding each name and price to the inner dictionaries.
        for i in range(1, len(parts)):
            inner_dict[name] = price

        # Adding the created inner dict into the outer dictionary.
        outer_dict[type] = inner_dict

    file.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

提前感谢大家的帮助。确实是需要的！

Answer 1

collections.defaultdict您可以使用简单的循环简单地实现预期的行为。

注意。我在这里模拟一个带有分割文本的文件

f = '''GPU;GeForce GTX 1070 Ti;430
CPU;AMD Ryzen 7 2700X;233
GPU;GeForce GTX 2060;400
CPU;Intel Core i7-11700;360
RAM;HyperX 16GB;180
PSU;Corsair RM850X;210'''

from collections import defaultdict

out = defaultdict(dict)

for line in f.split('\n'):
    typ,name,price = line.split(';')
    out[typ][name] = price

dict(out)

输出：

>>> dict(out)
{'GPU': {'GeForce GTX 1070 Ti': '430', 'GeForce GTX 2060': '400'},
 'CPU': {'AMD Ryzen 7 2700X': '233', 'Intel Core i7-11700': '360'},
 'RAM': {'HyperX 16GB': '180'},
 'PSU': {'Corsair RM850X': '210'}}

有一个文件：

with open('file.txt') as f:
    for line in f:
        # rest of the loop from above