我已按照https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/wsl-上的说明在台式机（配备 RTX3080 的 AMD 5950X 系统）和笔记本电脑（配备 i7-7700HQ 和 GTX1050 的戴尔 XPS 9560）上安装了 Windows 10 21H2用户指南/index.html：
wsl --update$ wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/wsl-ubuntu/x86_64/cuda-wsl-ubuntu.pin
$ sudo mv cuda-wsl-ubuntu.pin /etc/apt/preferences.d/cuda-repository-pin-600
$ wget https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/11.4.0/local_installers/cuda-repo-wsl-ubuntu-11-4-local_11.4.0-1_amd64.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-wsl-ubuntu-11-4-local_11.4.0-1_amd64.deb
$ sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-wsl-ubuntu-11-4-local/7fa2af80.pub
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -y install cuda
在我的桌面上nvidia-smi，CUDA 示例在 WSL2 中运行良好。但在我的笔记本电脑上运行nvidia-smiWSL2 返回：
$ nvidia-smi
Failed to initialize NVML: GPU access blocked by the operating system
Failed to properly shut down NVML: GPU access blocked by the operating system
我知道我的笔记本电脑配备了 NVIDIA Optimus，同时配备了 Intel IGP 和 NVIDIA GTX1050，但 CUDA 在 Windows 中运行良好。只不过不在 WSL2 中。但我也找不到任何关于 CUDA 不应该在 Optimus 系统的 WSL2 中工作的信息。
我已尝试以下缓解措施，但错误仍然存在：
这是 CUDA WSL2 错误吗？或者 CUDA 根本无法与 Optimus 配合使用吗？或者我该如何修复或进一步调试这个问题？
我比较了nvidia-smi.exe台式机和笔记本电脑在 Windows powershell 中的运行情况，它们都返回相同的软件版本：
PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> nvidia-smi
Wed Nov 17 21:46:50 2021
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 510.06 Driver Version: 510.06 CUDA Version: 11.6 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name TCC/WDDM | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce ... WDDM | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A |
| N/A 44C P8 N/A / N/A | 75MiB / 4096MiB | 1% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| No running processes found |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Windows Powershell 中笔记本电脑上的完整内容nvidia-smi.exe -q返回有关笔记本电脑 GPU 的以下信息：
PS C:\WINDOWS\system32> nvidia-smi -q
==============NVSMI LOG==============
Timestamp : Wed Nov 17 21:48:19 2021
Driver Version : 510.06
CUDA Version : 11.6
Attached GPUs : 1
GPU 00000000:01:00.0
Product Name : NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1050
Product Brand : GeForce
Product Architecture : Pascal
Display Mode : Disabled
Display Active : Disabled
Persistence Mode : N/A
MIG Mode
Current : N/A
Pending : N/A
Accounting Mode : Disabled
Accounting Mode Buffer Size : 4000
Driver Model
Current : WDDM
Pending : WDDM
Serial Number : N/A
GPU UUID : GPU-7645072f-7516-5488-316d-6277d101f64e
Minor Number : N/A
VBIOS Version : 86.07.3e.00.1c
MultiGPU Board : No
Board ID : 0x100
GPU Part Number : N/A
Module ID : 0
Inforom Version
Image Version : N/A
OEM Object : N/A
ECC Object : N/A
Power Management Object : N/A
GPU Operation Mode
Current : N/A
Pending : N/A
GSP Firmware Version : N/A
GPU Virtualization Mode
Virtualization Mode : None
Host VGPU Mode : N/A
IBMNPU
Relaxed Ordering Mode : N/A
PCI
Bus : 0x01
Device : 0x00
Domain : 0x0000
Device Id : 0x1C8D10DE
Bus Id : 00000000:01:00.0
Sub System Id : 0x07BE1028
GPU Link Info
PCIe Generation
Max : 3
Current : 3
Link Width
Max : 16x
Current : 16x
Bridge Chip
Type : N/A
Firmware : N/A
Replays Since Reset : 0
Replay Number Rollovers : 0
Tx Throughput : 0 KB/s
Rx Throughput : 0 KB/s
Fan Speed : N/A
Performance State : P8
Clocks Throttle Reasons
Idle : Active
Applications Clocks Setting : Not Active
SW Power Cap : Not Active
HW Slowdown : Not Active
HW Thermal Slowdown : Not Active
HW Power Brake Slowdown : Not Active
Sync Boost : Not Active
SW Thermal Slowdown : Not Active
Display Clock Setting : Not Active
FB Memory Usage
Total : 4096 MiB
Used : 75 MiB
Free : 4021 MiB
BAR1 Memory Usage
Total : 256 MiB
Used : 2 MiB
Free : 254 MiB
Compute Mode : Default
Utilization
Gpu : 0 %
Memory : 0 %
Encoder : 0 %
Decoder : 0 %
Encoder Stats
Active Sessions : 0
Average FPS : 0
Average Latency : 0
FBC Stats
Active Sessions : 0
Average FPS : 0
Average Latency : 0
Ecc Mode
Current : N/A
Pending : N/A
ECC Errors
Volatile
Single Bit
Device Memory : N/A
Register File : N/A
L1 Cache : N/A
L2 Cache : N/A
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : N/A
Total : N/A
Double Bit
Device Memory : N/A
Register File : N/A
L1 Cache : N/A
L2 Cache : N/A
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : N/A
Total : N/A
Aggregate
Single Bit
Device Memory : N/A
Register File : N/A
L1 Cache : N/A
L2 Cache : N/A
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : N/A
Total : N/A
Double Bit
Device Memory : N/A
Register File : N/A
L1 Cache : N/A
L2 Cache : N/A
Texture Memory : N/A
Texture Shared : N/A
CBU : N/A
Total : N/A
Retired Pages
Single Bit ECC : N/A
Double Bit ECC : N/A
Pending Page Blacklist : N/A
Remapped Rows : N/A
Temperature
GPU Current Temp : 40 C
GPU Shutdown Temp : 102 C
GPU Slowdown Temp : 97 C
GPU Max Operating Temp : 78 C
GPU Target Temperature : N/A
Memory Current Temp : N/A
Memory Max Operating Temp : N/A
Power Readings
Power Management : N/A
Power Draw : N/A
Power Limit : N/A
Default Power Limit : N/A
Enforced Power Limit : N/A
Min Power Limit : N/A
Max Power Limit : N/A
Clocks
Graphics : 0 MHz
SM : 0 MHz
Memory : 405 MHz
Video : 0 MHz
Applications Clocks
Graphics : N/A
Memory : N/A
Default Applications Clocks
Graphics : N/A
Memory : N/A
Max Clocks
Graphics : 1911 MHz
SM : 1911 MHz
Memory : 3504 MHz
Video : 1708 MHz
Max Customer Boost Clocks
Graphics : N/A
Clock Policy
Auto Boost : N/A
Auto Boost Default : N/A
Voltage
Graphics : N/A
Processes : None
Mar*_*ens 26
事实证明，Windows 10 更新助手错误地报告它已将我的笔记本电脑上的操作系统升级到 21H2。通过运行报告检查 Windows 版本winver，我的操作系统仍然是 21H1。当然，如果没有 21H2，WSL2 中的 CUDA 将无法在 Windows 10 中运行。
成功安装 21H2 后，我可以确认 CUDA 可以与 WSL2 配合使用，甚至对于配备 Optimus NVIDIA 卡的笔记本电脑也是如此。