FASTAPI 自定义中间件获取内部请求正文

Question

一直在尝试使用 FASTAPI 中间件获取请求的正文，但似乎我只能获取 request.headers 而不能获取正文。我需要主体才能获得用于检查数据库中某些内容的密钥。考虑中间件的日志记录或身份验证使用。这必须在不自定义 APIRouter 的情况下完成，只需要在中间件级别完成，以免影响应用程序的其余部分。

@app.middleware("http")
    async def TestCustomMiddleware(request: Request, call_next):
    print("Middleware works!", request.headers)

    response = await call_next(request)
    resp_body = [section async for section in response.__dict__['body_iterator']]
    print("BODY:", resp_body)
    return response

我能够得到这个，但有一个错误会破坏 POST 请求：

INFO:     Started server process [37160]
INFO:     Waiting for application startup.
INFO:     Application startup complete.
INFO:     Uvicorn running on http://0.0.0.0:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
Middleware works! Headers({'content-type': 'application/json', 'user-agent': 'PostmanRuntime/7.26.8', 'accept': '*/*', 'cache-control': 'no-cache', 'postman-token': 'ca6839ec-833d-45c0-9b52-8f904db13966', 'host': 'localhost:8000', 'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'content-length': '12'})
BODY: [b'{"test":"1"}']
INFO:     127.0.0.1:60761 - "POST /jctest HTTP/1.1" 200 OK
ERROR:    Exception in ASGI application
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\uvicorn\protocols\http\httptools_impl.py", line 386, in run_asgi
    result = await app(self.scope, self.receive, self.send)
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\uvicorn\middleware\proxy_headers.py", line 45, in __call__
    return await self.app(scope, receive, send)
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\fastapi\applications.py", line 181, in __call__
    await super().__call__(scope, receive, send)
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\applications.py", line 111, in __call__
    await self.middleware_stack(scope, receive, send)
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\middleware\errors.py", line 181, in __call__
    raise exc from None
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\middleware\errors.py", line 159, in __call__
    await self.app(scope, receive, _send)
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\middleware\base.py", line 26, in __call__
    await response(scope, receive, send)
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\responses.py", line 228, in __call__
    await run_until_first_complete(
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\concurrency.py", line 18, in run_until_first_complete
    [task.result() for task in done]
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\concurrency.py", line 18, in <listcomp>
    [task.result() for task in done]
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\responses.py", line 225, in stream_response
    await send({"type": "http.response.body", "body": b"", "more_body": False})
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\starlette\middleware\errors.py", line 156, in _send
    await send(message)
  File "C:\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\uvicorn\protocols\http\httptools_impl.py", line 516, in send
    raise RuntimeError("Response content shorter than Content-Length")
RuntimeError: Response content shorter than Content-Length

我该如何解决这个问题，以便我可以获得请求的正文{"test":"1"}？

尝试让主体找到用于检查数据库的密钥，并根据凭据授予对 API 的访问权限或拒绝访问权限。

Answer 1

您需要await对请求进行处理，以便请求对象实际上已准备好可供读取。我就是这样实现的。

class RequestContextLogMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):

    async def set_body(self, request: Request):
        receive_ = await request._receive()

        async def receive() -> Message:
            return receive_

        request._receive = receive

    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next: RequestResponseEndpoint):
        await self.set_body(request)
        body = await request.body()
        jsonbody = await request.json()
        id_ = jsonbody['external_id']
        response = await call_next(request)    
        return response

Answer 2

尝试request.body()或request.json()在 FASTAPI 中间件内部将挂起。

这是 Starlette 中的一个已知问题，如下所述： https: //github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/issues/394#issuecomment-883524819

解决方法是输入set_bodyandget_body和await set_body(request, await request.body())代码。样板如下：

 async def set_body(request: Request, body: bytes):
     async def receive() -> Message:
         return {"type": "http.request", "body": body}
     request._receive = receive
 
 async def get_body(request: Request) -> bytes:
     body = await request.body()
     await set_body(request, body)
     return body
 
 @app.middleware("http")
 async def app_entry(request: Request, call_next):
     
     await set_body(request, await request.body())
 
     print(await get_body(request))
 
     response = await call_next(request)
     return response

Answer 3

我建议使用路由器。参考这个github问题

这是一个例子

app = FastAPI()
api_router = APIRouter()


async def log_request_info(request: Request):
    request_body = await request.json()

    logger.info(
        f"{request.method} request to {request.url} metadata\n"
        f"\tHeaders: {request.headers}\n"
        f"\tBody: {request_body}\n"
        f"\tPath Params: {request.path_params}\n"
        f"\tQuery Params: {request.query_params}\n"
        f"\tCookies: {request.cookies}\n"
    )


@api_router.get("/", summary="Status")
async def status_get():
    logger.debug('Status requested')
    return {'status': 'OK'}


@api_router.post("/", )
def status_post(urls: Optional[List[str]] = None):
    logger.debug('Status requested')
    return {'status': 'OK'}


app.include_router(api_router, dependencies=[Depends(log_request_info)])

Answer 4

引用 FastAPI Doc 关于“有关请求对象的详细信息”：

由于FastAPI底层其实就是Starlette，上面还有一层几个工具，所以需要的时候可以直接使用Starlette的Request对象。

关于请求主体对象的 starlette 文档说：

有几种不同的接口可用于返回请求正文：

• 请求正文作为字节：await request.body()
• 请求正文，解析为表单数据或多部分：await request.form()
• 请求正文，解析为 JSON：await request.json()

@app.middleware("http")
async def TestCustomMiddleware(request: Request, call_next):
    the_headers = request.headers
    the_body = await request.json()

    print(the_headers)
    print(the_body)

    response = await call_next(request)

    return response

用卷曲测试：

curl -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"test": "Also works!"}' \
    http://localhost:8000/foo