如何在 Entity Framework Core cli 工具中使用 dotnet 6 最小 API 的配置
Krz*_*nek 7 c# entity-framework-core asp.net-core .net-6.0
我正在尝试使用 EF Core 构建一个 API 作为数据库访问，现在在 dotnet 6 RC1 上。我想使用 dotnet cli 工具来管理迁移（创建、更新数据库等），但这些工具不与模板中的最小 API 配合。
这是我的 Program.cs：
void ConfigureApp(WebApplication webApplication)
{
// Configure the HTTP request pipeline.
if (webApplication.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
webApplication.UseSwagger();
webApplication.UseSwaggerUI(c => c.SwaggerEndpoint("/swagger/v1/swagger.json", "Eyespert.Server v1"));
}
webApplication.UseHttpsRedirection();
webApplication.UseAuthentication();
webApplication.UseAuthorization();
webApplication.MapControllers();
}
void RegisterServices(WebApplicationBuilder builder)
{
builder.Services.AddControllers();
builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
{
c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new() { Title = "App", Version = "v1" });
});
builder.Services.AddDbContext<MyContext>(opt =>
{
string connectionString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("MyConnectionString");
opt.UseNpgsql(connectionString);
});
}
WebApplicationBuilder builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
RegisterServices(builder);
WebApplication app = builder.Build();
ConfigureApp(app);
app.Run();
如果该代码使用 Program/Startup 类组合和旧构建器，我可以在控制台中输入dotnet ef migrations add InitialCreate，该工具将读取 appsettings.development.json （即使它是与上下文不同的项目）并在正确的数据库上运行迁移。对于最小的 API 风格来说，情况并非如此。
作为解决方案，我制作了一个设计时上下文工厂：
public class DesignTimeDbContextFactory : IDesignTimeDbContextFactory<MyContext>
{
public MyContextCreateDbContext(string[] args)
{
DbContextOptionsBuilder<MyContext> dbContextOptionsBuilder =
new();
dbContextOptionsBuilder.UseNpgsql(@"myconnectionstring");
Console.WriteLine("Creating default MyContext");
return new MyContext(dbContextOptionsBuilder.Options);
}
}
如您所见，我对连接字符串进行了硬编码。我知道我可以构造ConfigurationBuilder并使用相对路径来查找正确的 json 文件并使用它来查找连接字符串，但这感觉像是一个肮脏的黑客。
使用 dotnet 6 的方法是什么？
Mes*_*ros 14
我使用 EFCore Context 创建了一个 MinimalAPI 项目，它运行良好，没有发生重大问题，除了更新 ef 工具 cli 等之外，请参阅完整的项目：
MinimalApi.csproj
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<LangVersion>Preview</LangVersion>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
<PackageReference Include="Swashbuckle.AspNetCore" Version="6.1.5" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\Infra\Infra.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
程序.cs
using Infra;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddDbContext<Context>(opts =>
{
var connString = builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("MyConnectionString");
opts.UseSqlServer(connString, options =>
{
options.MigrationsAssembly(typeof(Context).Assembly.FullName.Split(',')[0]);
});
});
await using var app = builder.Build();
if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
app.MapGet("/", (Func<string>)(() => "Hello World!"));
await app.RunAsync();
基础设施.csproj
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
<LangVersion>Preview</LangVersion>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore" Version="6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Design" Version="6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools" Version="6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10">
<PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
<IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
</PackageReference>
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\Domain\Domain.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
</Project>
基础设施上下文.cs
using Domain;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
namespace Infra
{
public class Context : DbContext
{
public Context(DbContextOptions options) : base(options)
{
}
protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder)
{
}
protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
}
public DbSet<MyEntity> MyEntities { get; set; }
}
}
域.csproj
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
<LangVersion>Preview</LangVersion>
</PropertyGroup>
</Project>
实体示例 (MyEntity.cs)
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
namespace Domain
{
public class MyEntity
{
[Key]
[DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
public Guid Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public string Value { get; set; }
}
}
在 nuget 包管理器上创建迁移
PM> Add-Migration InitialMigration
Build started...
Build succeeded.
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[10403]
Entity Framework Core 6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10 initialized 'Context' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer:6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10' with options: MigrationsAssembly=Infra
更新 nuget 包管理器上的数据库
PM> Update-Database
Build started...
Build succeeded.
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[10403]
Entity Framework Core 6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10 initialized 'Context' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer:6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10' with options: MigrationsAssembly=Infra
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (2,338ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='60']
CREATE DATABASE [MinimalApiDb];
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (933ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='60']
IF SERVERPROPERTY('EngineEdition') <> 5
BEGIN
ALTER DATABASE [MinimalApiDb] SET READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT ON;
END;
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (29ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT 1
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (18ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
CREATE TABLE [__EFMigrationsHistory] (
[MigrationId] nvarchar(150) NOT NULL,
[ProductVersion] nvarchar(32) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK___EFMigrationsHistory] PRIMARY KEY ([MigrationId])
);
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (3ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT 1
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (17ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT OBJECT_ID(N'[__EFMigrationsHistory]');
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (5ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [MigrationId], [ProductVersion]
FROM [__EFMigrationsHistory]
ORDER BY [MigrationId];
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations[20402]
Applying migration '20211001150743_InitialMigration'.
Applying migration '20211001150743_InitialMigration'.
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (176ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
CREATE TABLE [MyEntities] (
[Id] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL,
[Name] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL,
[Value] nvarchar(max) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_MyEntities] PRIMARY KEY ([Id])
);
Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (23ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
INSERT INTO [__EFMigrationsHistory] ([MigrationId], [ProductVersion])
VALUES (N'20211001150743_InitialMigration', N'6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10');
Done.
PM>
要使用 dotnet ef 工具，您需要更新到最新的 rc 以匹配您的 projetc 设计器/工具
dotnet tool update --global dotnet-ef --version 6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10
- 请注意，这是您在项目包中使用的同一版本的包
通过 ef tools cli 创建迁移
PS D:\Repositorios\MinimalApi\MinimalApi> dotnet ef migrations add eftoolsmigration -s "D:\Repositorios\MinimalApi\MinimalApi\MinimalApi.csproj" -p "D:\Repositorios\MinimalApi\Infra\Infra.csproj"
Build started...
Build succeeded.
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure[10403]
Entity Framework Core 6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10 initialized 'Context' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer:6.0.0-rc.1.21452.10' with options: MigrationsAssembly=Infra
Done. To undo this action, use 'ef migrations remove'
PS D:\Repositorios\MinimalApi\MinimalApi>
通过 ef tools cli 更新数据库
dotnet ef database update -s "D:\Repositorios\MinimalApi\MinimalApi\MinimalApi.csproj" -p "D:\Repositorios\MinimalApi\Infra\Infra.csproj"
- 注意 -s 是你的 Startup 项目路径；
- 请注意，-p 是您的目标项目路径（配置上下文的位置）；
自动创建的 Migrations 文件夹
最终项目结构
已创建数据库
请注意，您必须在包管理器上设置“包含预发布”才能获得与 .Net 6 兼容的版本
请注意，您使用的是 Postgree DB，它必须有一个与 EF Core 6.xxx 兼容的客户端
安装运行时和 SDK（为了清楚起见，仅使用 .NET 6）
PS C:\Users\Daniel> dotnet --list-runtimes
Microsoft.NETCore.App 6.0.0-rc.1.21451.13 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App]
Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App 6.0.0-rc.1.21451.3 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App]
PS C:\Users\Daniel> dotnet --list-sdks
6.0.100-rc.1.21463.6 [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk]
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