根据对原始问题的澄清,我认为应该考虑一般性答案
计算由(x,y)点指定的断裂曲线的总长度
分开中间段以确保箭头之间的曲线长度相等
处理细微的细节,如初始"阶段",终点,箭头是否应该跟着一个薄的空间,等等.

下面粗略地抨击它.
arrowLine <- function(x, y, N=10, ...){
lengths <- c(0, sqrt(diff(x)^2 + diff(y)^2))
l <- cumsum(lengths)
tl <- l[length(l)]
el <- seq(0, to=tl, length=N+1)[-1]
plot(x, y, t="l", ...)
for(ii in el){
int <- findInterval(ii, l)
xx <- x[int:(int+1)]
yy <- y[int:(int+1)]
## points(xx,yy, col="grey", cex=0.5)
dx <- diff(xx)
dy <- diff(yy)
new.length <- ii - l[int]
segment.length <- lengths[int+1]
ratio <- new.length / segment.length
xend <- x[int] + ratio * dx
yend <- y[int] + ratio * dy
points(xend,yend, col="white", pch=19)
arrows(x[int], y[int], xend, yend, length=0.1)
}
}
set.seed(123)
x = sort(c(0, runif(200, 0,2* pi), 2*pi))
y=sin(x)
arrowLine(x, y, N=20)
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