如何定义 GitLab CI 作业以依赖于一个或另一个先前作业？

Question

我想定义一个管道来编译、部署到目标和测试我的项目。

这应该以两种不同的方式发生：每次提交时增量（希望快速）构建和安排在晚上的完整构建。

以下.gitlab-ci.yml所有作业均标记为“手动”以进行测试。

stages:
    - build
    - deploy
    - test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-incremental:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    when: manual

build-nightly:
    timeout: 5h
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    tags:
        - yocto
    when: manual

deploy:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    dependencies:
        - build
    when: manual

test:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    dependencies:
        - deploy
    when: manual

失败并显示消息：deploy job: undefined dependency: build。

我该如何向 GitLabdeploy阶段解释需求build-incremental或build-nightly工件？

稍后我将不得不了解如何build-incremental在提交时触发并build-nightly使用时间表，但这似乎是一个不同的问题。

Answer 1

对于您的场景，根据“源”，管道有两条单独的路径：“推送”或“计划”。您可以使用变量获取管道的源CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE。我首先单独构建这些路径，然后将它们组合起来：

# First source: push events
stages:
  build
  deploy
  test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-incremental:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: manual
      - when: never

deploy-incremental:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-incremental']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-incremental:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-incremental']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

在此路径中，如果源是推送，则构建步骤将在手动输入时运行，否则它将永远不会运行。然后，只要源是推送，部署增量步骤就会自动运行（无需等待其他作业或阶段），否则永远不会运行。最后，test-incremental如果与上面类似，该作业将自动运行，而无需等待其他作业或阶段push。

现在我们可以构建schedule路径：

# Scheduled path:

stages:
  build
  deploy
  test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-schedule:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE === 'schedule'
        when: manual
      - when: never

deploy-schedule:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-schedule']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-schedule:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-schedule']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

这与路径的工作方式相同push，但我们检查源是否为schedule.

现在我们可以合并这两条路径：

Combined result:
stages:
  build
  deploy
  test

variables:
    BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR: "artifacts"

build-incremental:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: manual
      - when: never

build-schedule:
    timeout: 5h 
    stage: build
    script:
        - echo "Building"
        - ./ci/do-prep
        - echo "done."
    artifacts:
        paths:
            - $BUILD_ARTIFACTS_DIR/
    variables:
        BUILD_TOP_DIR: "/workspace/builds"
    tags:
        - yocto
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: manual
      - when: never

deploy-incremental:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-incremental']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

deploy-schedule:
    stage: deploy
    script:
        - echo "Deploying..."
        - ./ci/do-deploy
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['build-schedule']
    rules:
      - if $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-incremental:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-incremental']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'push'
        when: always
      - when: never

test-schedule:
    stage: test
    script:
        - echo "Testing..."
        - ./ci/do-test
        - echo "done."
    tags:
        - yocto
    needs: ['deploy-schedule']
    rules:
      - if: $CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == 'schedule'
        when: always
      - when: never

像这样的管道很乏味并且需要一些时间来构建，但是当您有多个路径/方式来构建项目时效果很好。

Answer 2

要告诉 Gitlab 您的deploy阶段需要特定作业中的某些工件：尝试dependencies按作业名称命名。您正在deploy定义一个依赖项， build该依赖stage项的名称不是您想要选择工件的作业名称。例子：

deploy:
stage: deploy
script:
    - echo "Deploying..."
    - ./ci/do-deploy
    - echo "done."
tags:
    - yocto
dependencies:
    - build-incremental
when: manual

更多信息和示例在这里