无法通过 renv::restore() 安装软件包（“R 在编译期间无法找到一个或多个 FORTRAN 库。”）

Question

我在新笔记本电脑（在 MacOS Catalina 上运行）上下载了旧的存储库，并尝试运行 R 脚本。

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该存储库有一个 renv 锁定文件 - 这意味着，我应该能够按原样恢复所有依赖项。

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但当我运行该renv::restore()命令时，出现以下错误消息：

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Installing pbapply [1.4-3] ...\n    OK [linked cache]\nInstalling mvtnorm [1.1-2] ...\n    FAILED\nError installing package \'mvtnorm\':\n===================================\n\n* installing to library \xe2\x80\x98~/renv/staging/2\xe2\x80\x99\n* installing *source* package \xe2\x80\x98mvtnorm\xe2\x80\x99 ...\n** package \xe2\x80\x98mvtnorm\xe2\x80\x99 successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked\n** libs\nclang -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include   -fPIC  -Wall -g -O2  -c C_FORTRAN_interface.c -o C_FORTRAN_interface.o\nclang -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include   -fPIC  -Wall -g -O2  -c miwa.c -o miwa.o\ngfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c mvt.f -o mvt.o\nclang -I"/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/include" -DNDEBUG   -I/usr/local/include   -fPIC  -Wall -g -O2  -c mvtnorm-init.c -o mvtnorm-init.o\ngfortran   -fPIC  -g -O2  -c tvpack.f -o tvpack.o\nclang -dynamiclib -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names -undefined dynamic_lookup -single_module -multiply_defined suppress -L/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Resources/lib -L/usr/local/lib -o mvtnorm.so C_FORTRAN_interface.o miwa.o mvt.o mvtnorm-init.o tvpack.o -L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin15/6.1.0 -L/usr/local/gfortran/lib -lgfortran -lquadmath -lm -F/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/.. -framework R -Wl,-framework -Wl,CoreFoundation\nld: warning: directory not found for option \'-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin15/6.1.0\'\nld: warning: directory not found for option \'-L/usr/local/gfortran/lib\'\nld: library not found for -lgfortran\nclang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)\nmake: *** [mvtnorm.so] Error 1\nERROR: compilation failed for package \xe2\x80\x98mvtnorm\xe2\x80\x99\n* removing \xe2\x80\x98~/renv/staging/2/mvtnorm\xe2\x80\x99\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \nR was unable to find one or more FORTRAN libraries during compilation.\nThis often implies that the FORTRAN compiler has not been properly configured.\nPlease see /sf/ask/2519991211/ for more information.\n\nReason(s):\n- \'ld: library not found for -lgfortran\'\nError: install of package \'mvtnorm\' failed [error code 1]\nTraceback (most recent calls last):\n13: renv::restore()\n12: renv_restore_run_actions(project, diff, current, lockfile, rebuild)\n11: renv_install(records)\n10: renv_install_staged(records)\n 9: renv_install_default(records)\n 8: handler(package, renv_install_impl(record))\n 7: renv_install_impl(record)\n 6: withCallingHandlers(renv_install_package_local(record), error = function(e) {\n        vwritef("\\tFAILED")\n        writef(e$output)\n    })\n 5: renv_install_package_local(record)\n 4: renv_install_package_local_impl(package, path)\n 3: r_cmd_install(package, path)\n 2: r_exec_error(package, output, "install", status)\n 1: stop(error)\n

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我无法理解错误消息中的链接（复制到此处：Mac OS XR 错误“ld：警告：找不到选项的目录”）。

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从我的问题搜索中，我遇到了一些超出我 R 知识水平的可能解决方案，例如：

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• “[...] 在我的主目录中创建文件 ~/.R/Makevars。” （无法在 R 中安装基于 fortran 的软件包 - “gfortran -m32：未找到”）
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• “[...] 安装了 gcc 和 gcc-fortran 并解决了这个问题”（无法在 R 上安装包）
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• 类似的想法在这里：OS X 软件包安装依赖于 gfortran-4.8
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这里的一些指导将不胜感激。如果您需要任何其他信息，请告诉我（第一次在这里发布）。

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提前致谢！

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解决方案

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从此页面下载并安装“gfortran-6.1.pkg（OS X 10.11+，已签名，64位）”：https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/tools/

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