如何将 Testcontainers 与 @DataJpaTest 结合起来避免代码重复?

Wim*_*uwe 7 java spring-test junit5 testcontainers

我想使用 JUnit 5 来​​使用 Testcontainers 和@DataJpaTest(and )。我有使用and注释@SpringBootTest的基本设置,如下所示:@Testcontainers@Container

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@Testcontainers
public class AtleteRepositoryTest {
    @Container
    private static final PostgreSQLContainer<?> CONTAINER = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", CONTAINER::getJdbcUrl);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
    }

    @Autowired
    private AtleteRepository repository;

    @Test
    void testSave() {
        repository.save(new Atlete("Wout Van Aert", 0, 1, 0));

        assertThat(repository.count()).isEqualTo(1);
    }
}
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有关完整示例代码(AtleteRepositoryTestTeamRepositoryTestTestcontainersDatajpatestApplicationTests ),请参阅https://github.com/wimdeblauwe/blog-example-code/tree/feature/testcontainers-datajpatest/testcontainers-datajpatest

为了避免重复声明 PostgreSQL 容器和动态属性,我尝试了以下操作:

JUnit 5 扩展

Baeldung 有一篇博客介绍如何使用JUnit 5 扩展来避免重复

import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.AfterAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;

public class PostgreSQLExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, AfterAllCallback {

    private PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres;

    @Override
    public void beforeAll(ExtensionContext context) {
        postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");

        postgres.start();
        System.setProperty("spring.datasource.url", postgres.getJdbcUrl());
        System.setProperty("spring.datasource.username", postgres.getUsername());
        System.setProperty("spring.datasource.password", postgres.getPassword());
    }

    @Override
    public void afterAll(ExtensionContext context) {
        postgres.stop();
    }
}
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如果您只有 1 个测试,它会起作用,但如果您同时运行多个测试(使用 IntelliJ 或 Maven),则它不会起作用。在这种情况下,其中一项测试将会失败,因为无法与数据库建立连接。另请注意,此扩展不使用DynamicPropertyRegistry而是使用普通环境变量。请参阅feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_baeldung-extension分支以获取代码。

使用公共超类

在分支feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_database-base-test上,我尝试使用通用超类:


import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterAll;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeAll;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;

public class DatabaseBaseTest {
    private static final PostgreSQLContainer<?> CONTAINER = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:11");

    @BeforeAll
    static void start() {
        CONTAINER.start();
    }

    @AfterAll
    static void stop() {
        CONTAINER.stop();
    }

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", () -> {
            String jdbcUrl = CONTAINER.getJdbcUrl();
            System.out.println("jdbcUrl = " + jdbcUrl);
            return jdbcUrl;
        });
        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
    }
}
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不幸的是,这也行不通。我在日志记录中注意到@DynamicPropertySource带注释的方法仅调用一次,而不是每次测试都调用一次,这导致我尝试选项 3:

公共超类与@DynamicPropertySource子类

当使用公共超类,但@DynamicPropertySource在每个子类中添加该方法时,它又可以工作了。

该子类的示例代码:

@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
public class AtleteRepositoryTest extends DatabaseBaseTest {

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void registerProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", () -> {
            String jdbcUrl = CONTAINER.getJdbcUrl();
            System.out.println("jdbcUrl = " + jdbcUrl);
            return jdbcUrl;
        });
        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", CONTAINER::getUsername);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", CONTAINER::getPassword);
    }

    @Autowired
    private AtleteRepository repository;

    @Test
    void testSave() {
        repository.save(new Atlete("Wout Van Aert", 0, 1, 0));

        assertThat(repository.count()).isEqualTo(1);
    }
}
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请参阅该版本的分支feature/testcontainers-datajpatest_database-base-test_subclasses 。

因此,虽然它有效,但每个测试类中仍然存在大量重复。

还有其他选择可以避免重复吗?

K. *_*ddy 13

为了避免 Testcontainers 代码重复,我通常遵循两种方法:

  1. 将ApplicationContextInitializer@ContextConfiguration一起使用
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.test.util.TestPropertyValues;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;

@Slf4j
public class PostgreSQLContainerInitializer
        implements ApplicationContextInitializer<ConfigurableApplicationContext> {

    private static PostgreSQLContainer sqlContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:10.7");

    static {
        
        sqlContainer.start();
    }

    public void initialize (ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext){
        TestPropertyValues.of(
                "spring.datasource.url=" + sqlContainer.getJdbcUrl(),
                "spring.datasource.username=" + sqlContainer.getUsername(),
                "spring.datasource.password=" + sqlContainer.getPassword()
        ).applyTo(configurableApplicationContext.getEnvironment());
    }

}
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import com.sivalabs.myservice.common.PostgreSQLContainerInitializer;
import com.sivalabs.myservice.entities.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.AutoConfigureTestDatabase;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace= AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
@ContextConfiguration(initializers = {PostgreSQLContainerInitializer.class})
class UserRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    EntityManager entityManager;

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    void shouldReturnUserGivenValidCredentials() {
        User user = new User(null, "test@gmail.com", "test", "Test");
        entityManager.persist(user);
        
        Optional<User> userOptional = userRepository.login("test@gmail.com", "test");
        
        assertThat(userOptional).isNotEmpty();
    }
}
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  1. Java 8+ 接口中使用@DynamicPropertySource
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertyRegistry;
import org.springframework.test.context.DynamicPropertySource;
import org.testcontainers.containers.PostgreSQLContainer;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Container;
import org.testcontainers.junit.jupiter.Testcontainers;

@Testcontainers
public interface PostgreSQLContainerInitializer {

    @Container
    PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:12.3");

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void registerPgProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
    }
}
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@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace= AutoConfigureTestDatabase.Replace.NONE)
class UserRepositoryTest implements PostgreSQLContainerInitializer {

    ....
    ....
}
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通过这些方法,我们不必重复PostgreSQLContainer声明和 Spring 属性设置。

是否使用PostgreSQLContainer作为静态字段取决于您是否想要为每个测试启动一个新容器或每个测试类 1 个容器。

PS: 我避免使用通用基类方法,因为有时一个测试只需要 1 个容器,而另一个测试需要多个容器。如果我们将所有容器添加到公共基类中,那么对于每个测试/类,所有这些容器都将启动,无论它们的使用情况如何,这使得测试非常慢。

  • 测试这两种方法后,我发现这两种方法都适用于单个测试,但如果您有很多测试,则只有方法 1 可以正常工作。我现在在我的测试套件中使用方法 1。谢谢你! (2认同)