如何将类似字典的字符串转换为字典？

Question

我有一个像字符串这样的字典，如下所示：

str = "Access AR1:\n\tTargets: \n\t\tManagement Name:csw_1\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_1\n\t\tdetails:103\n\t\tManagement Name:csw_123\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_134\n\t\tdetails:123\n\tSources: \n\t\tIP:10.20.30.40\n\t\tSubnet Mask:255.255.255.255\nAccess AR2:\n\tTargets: \n\t\tManagement Name:csw_2\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_2\n\t\tdetails:110\n\t\tManagement Name:csw_431\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_21\n\t\tdetails:134\n\tSources: \n\t\tIP:10.20.10.10\n\t\tSubnet Mask:255.255.255.192"

这以相同的格式进行，如下所示：

Access AR1:
    Targets: 
            Management Name:csw_1
            Object Name:csw_obj_1
            details:103
            Management Name:csw_123
            Object Name:csw_obj_134
            details:123
    Sources: 
            IP:10.20.30.40
            Subnet Mask:255.255.255.255
Access AR2:
    Targets: 
            Management Name:csw_2
            Object Name:csw_obj_2
            details:110
            Management Name:csw_431
            Object Name:csw_obj_21
            details:134
    Sources: 
            IP:10.20.10.10
            Subnet Mask:255.255.255.192

这需要更改为：

str = {"Access AR1": { "Targets": [{"Management Name:csw_1", "Object Name":"csw_obj_1", "details":"103"}, {"Management Name:csw_123", "Object Name":"csw_obj_134", "details":"123"}]
                      "Sources": {"IP":"10.20.30.40", "Subnet Mask": "255.255.255.255"}
                    },
      "Access AR2": { "Targets": [{"Management Name:csw_2", "Object Name":"csw_obj_2", "details":"110"}, {"Management Name:csw_431", "Object Name":"csw_obj_21", "details":"133"}]
                      "Sources": {"IP":"10.20.10.10", "Subnet Mask": "255.255.255.192"}
                    }
      }

我尝试ast.literal_eval, eval并最终出现错误。

Answer 1

您的字符串几乎是 yaml - 用一个或多个空格替换 \t 并将其加载为 YAML。

第一的：

pip install pyyaml

然后这段代码有效：

import yaml
import pprint

str = "Access AR1:\n\tTargets: \n\t\tManagement Name:csw_1\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_1\n\t\tdetails:103\n\tSources: \n\t\tIP:10.20.30.40\n\t\tSubnet Mask:255.255.255.255\nAccess AR2:\n\tTargets: \n\t\tManagement Name:csw_2\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_2\n\t\tdetails:110\n\tSources: \n\t\tIP:10.20.10.10\n\t\tSubnet Mask:255.255.255.192"

str1 = str.replace( '\t', '    ' )

res = yaml.load(str1)

pprint.pprint( res )

输出：

{'Access AR1': {'Sources': 'IP:10.20.30.40 Subnet Mask:255.255.255.255',
                'Targets': 'Management Name:csw_1 Object Name:csw_obj_1 '
                           'details:103'},
 'Access AR2': {'Sources': 'IP:10.20.10.10 Subnet Mask:255.255.255.192',
                'Targets': 'Management Name:csw_2 Object Name:csw_obj_2 '
                           'details:110'}}

或者，如果你真的想把它作为一个字符串，那么：

str = repr(res)

更新

刚刚意识到例如'Managent Name:csw_1' 没有被检测为键：值。需要一个正则表达式re.sub()将这些拆分为单独的行来解决这个问题：

import yaml
import pprint
import re

str = "Access AR1:\n\tTargets: \n\t\tManagement Name:csw_1\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_1\n\t\tdetails:103\n\tSources: \n\t\tIP:10.20.30.40\n\t\tSubnet Mask:255.255.255.255\nAccess AR2:\n\tTargets: \n\t\tManagement Name:csw_2\n\t\tObject Name:csw_obj_2\n\t\tdetails:110\n\tSources: \n\t\tIP:10.20.10.10\n\t\tSubnet Mask:255.255.255.192"

# replace \t with four-space indent
str1 = str.replace( '\t', '    ' )

# further tweak to split sub-keys like " Management Name:csw_1" onto separate lines
str1 = re.sub(r"^(\s+)(.*?\S:)(\S.*)", r"\1\2\n\1    \3",str1,flags=re.MULTILINE )
   
res = yaml.load(str1)

pprint.pprint( res )

这是调整后的字符串：

Access AR1:
    Targets:
        Management Name:
            csw_1
        Object Name:
            csw_obj_1
        details:
            103
    Sources:
        IP:
            10.20.30.40
        Subnet Mask:
            255.255.255.255
Access AR2:
    Targets:
        Management Name:
            csw_2
        Object Name:
            csw_obj_2
        details:
            110
    Sources:
        IP:
            10.20.10.10
        Subnet Mask:
            255.255.255.192

结果：

{'Access AR1': {'Sources': {'IP': '10.20.30.40',
                            'Subnet Mask': '255.255.255.255'},
                'Targets': {'Management Name': 'csw_1',
                            'Object Name': 'csw_obj_1',
                            'details': 103}},
 'Access AR2': {'Sources': {'IP': '10.20.10.10',
                            'Subnet Mask': '255.255.255.192'},
                'Targets': {'Management Name': 'csw_2',
                            'Object Name': 'csw_obj_2',
                            'details': 110}}}