构建 IP 地址列表

Question

我正在尝试根据用户的输入构建一组可能的 IP 地址。即 IP 地址和 CIDR 号码。我的最终目标是将此列表与单独的地址列表进行比较，并找出丢失的地址。

用户输入示例：192.168.1.0 /24 我想为 /24 网络的所有可能值构建一个数组（即 IP 地址可以是 192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.255 之间的任何位置）

为了使其工作，我想我必须将 IP 地址转换为二进制，然后找到将成为网络主机部分的位，我在这里完成了：

function ConvertToBinary{
    param($ipAddress)
   
    [string]$binaryIP = -join ($ipAddress.Split('.') | ForEach-Object {[System.Convert]::ToString($_,2).PadLeft(8,'0')})

    return $binaryIP
}

function FindHost{
    param(
        [string]$binaryIPAddress,
        [int32]$CIDR
    )
    $hostBits = 32-$CIDR
    [string]$myHost = $binaryIPAddress.Substring($binaryIPAddress.Length-$hostBits)

    return $myHost
}


$myip = ConvertToBinary "192.168.3.1"
$myHost = FindHost  $myip 8

我对如何继续感到有点困惑，所以如果有人可以帮助我或为我指出正确的方向，我将不胜感激

Answer 1

我使用一些类似的问题来编写此内容，以获取给定随机 IP 和掩码的任何子网的第一个和最后一个地址：

function Get-SubnetAddresses {
  Param (
    [IPAddress]$IP,
    [ValidateRange(0, 32)][int]$maskbits
  )

  # Convert the mask to type [IPAddress]:
  $mask = ([Math]::Pow(2, $MaskBits) - 1) * [Math]::Pow(2, (32 - $MaskBits))
  $maskbytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt32] $mask)
  $DottedMask = [IPAddress]((3..0 | ForEach-Object { [String] $maskbytes[$_] }) -join '.')
  
  # bitwise AND them together, and you've got the subnet ID
  $lower = [IPAddress] ( $ip.Address -band $DottedMask.Address )

  # We can do a similar operation for the broadcast address
  # subnet mask bytes need to be inverted and reversed before adding
  $LowerBytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt32] $lower.Address)
  [IPAddress]$upper = (0..3 | %{$LowerBytes[$_] + ($maskbytes[(3-$_)] -bxor 255)}) -join '.'

  # Make an object for use elsewhere
  Return [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
    Lower=$lower
    Upper=$upper
  }
}

用法如下：

function Get-SubnetAddresses {
  Param (
    [IPAddress]$IP,
    [ValidateRange(0, 32)][int]$maskbits
  )

  # Convert the mask to type [IPAddress]:
  $mask = ([Math]::Pow(2, $MaskBits) - 1) * [Math]::Pow(2, (32 - $MaskBits))
  $maskbytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt32] $mask)
  $DottedMask = [IPAddress]((3..0 | ForEach-Object { [String] $maskbytes[$_] }) -join '.')
  
  # bitwise AND them together, and you've got the subnet ID
  $lower = [IPAddress] ( $ip.Address -band $DottedMask.Address )

  # We can do a similar operation for the broadcast address
  # subnet mask bytes need to be inverted and reversed before adding
  $LowerBytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt32] $lower.Address)
  [IPAddress]$upper = (0..3 | %{$LowerBytes[$_] + ($maskbytes[(3-$_)] -bxor 255)}) -join '.'

  # Make an object for use elsewhere
  Return [pscustomobject][ordered]@{
    Lower=$lower
    Upper=$upper
  }
}

我将它们放在一起生成整个列表。我确信这可以做得更好，但简单的指令运行得足够快：

Function Get-IPRange {
param (
  [Parameter(Mandatory=$true,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)][IPAddress]$lower,
  [Parameter(Mandatory=$true,ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName)][IPAddress]$upper
)
  # use lists for speed
  $IPList = [Collections.ArrayList]::new()
  $null = $IPList.Add($lower)
  $i = $lower

  # increment ip until reaching $upper in range
  while ( $i -ne $upper ) { 
    # IP octet values are built back-to-front, so reverse the octet order
    $iBytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt32] $i.Address)
    [Array]::Reverse($iBytes)

    # Then we can +1 the int value and reverse again
    $nextBytes = [BitConverter]::GetBytes([UInt32]([bitconverter]::ToUInt32($iBytes,0) +1))
    [Array]::Reverse($nextBytes)

    # Convert to IP and add to list
    $i = [IPAddress]$nextBytes
    $null = $IPList.Add($i)
  }

  return $IPList
}

最后一行的转换[IPAddress]可以很好地验证所有结果是否真实，但如果您只需要 ipv4 字符串，则可能没有必要。用法：

Get-SubnetAddresses 10.43.120.8 22

Lower       Upper        
-----       -----        
10.43.120.0 10.43.123.255

资料来源：

• /sf/answers/3591526361/
• /sf/answers/4117500971/