VBA 目前支持哪些 CSS 选择器？

Question

VBA 目前支持哪些 CSS 选择器？

QHa*_*arr 4 vba mshtml css-selectors queryselector

早在 2021 年 5 月 19 日，我就最近（21 年 4 月至 5 月）对与延迟绑定引用相关的接口的可疑更改写了此问答mshtml.dll。如果您愿意，这是第 2 部分。

以前，在诸如this和this 之类的问题中，我曾指出缺乏对各种 CSS 选择器的支持mshtml.dll，尤其是关于伪类。在上述问题中，我强调了这一点nth-child()，nth-of-type()但并未针对MSHTML.

通常情况下，这表现在这里，不支持选择语法可以导致：

运行时错误“-2140143604 (8070000c)”：由于错误 8070000c，无法完成操作。

我希望有些事情会因为不再支持相关的各种版本/平台而中断Internet Explorer (IE)（这MSHTML与 - 请参阅我的this。我没想到的是最近对支持的 CSS 选择器的改进。以以下示例为例：

Option Explicit

''Required references:
'' Microsoft HTML Object Library

Public Sub CssTest()

    Const URL = "https://books.toscrape.com/"
    Dim html As MSHTML.HTMLDocument
   
    Set html = New MSHTML.HTMLDocument

    With CreateObject("MSXML2.XMLHTTP")
        .Open "GET", URL, False
        .send
        html.body.innerHTML = .responseText
    End With
    
    Debug.Print html.querySelector("meta:nth-of-type(2)").outerHTML
    
End Sub

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在 21 年 4 月至 5 月之前，由于使用了未实现的语法，这会出错。现在，在我的设置中，我mshtml.dll在 5 月初（最新）看到更新，我得到的结果与我通过自动化 Internet Explorer 实例运行它时得到的结果相同，它已经得到支持：

<meta name="created" content="24th Jun 2016 09:29">

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那么，目前支持 VBA 的 CSS 选择器有哪些？

我已经涵盖了“我们为什么关心？” 在之前的问答中，这里不再重复。但是，我将重新说明我的设置：

我的设置：

OS Name Microsoft Windows 10 Pro
Version 10.0.19042 Build 19042
System Type x64-based PC
Microsoft® Excel® 2019 MSO (16.0.13929.20206) 32-bit (Microsoft Office Professional Plus)
Version 2104 Build 13929.20373
mshtml.dll file  11.00.19041.985
ieframe.dll file 11.0.19041.964

Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)

回馈：

与之前的问答一样，对于没有/没有看到这些更改的设置，我将不胜感激。我将对此添加反馈以供其他人参考。

Answer 1 · 2021-05-30T16:31:39.000803+08:00

QHa*_*arr 5

tl;博士;

对 css 选择器和 for Element.querySelector( 允许在链接querySelector(All)调用中具有更大的灵活性。这极大地增强了MSHTML类的表达能力，就 CSS 选择器而言，并使其与Selenium Basic.

动机：

由于缺乏与 VBA 相关的文档，以及学习什么有效什么无效的反复试验性质，我一直想写一个支持选择器的列表。这个最新的变化促使我这样做，并包括那些目前支持在其中使用 CSS 选择器的库。

警告：

这并不详尽；它非常全面。
如果您发现任何错误，尤其是关于 Selenium Basic 的错误，我必须凭记忆编写，请通知我，我将进行相应的编辑。
最近的变化，由汇总表中的阴影单元格表示 (JSFiddle)| 用 ?* 标记，在下面的简化表中，是因为它们与我的设置有关，在这个时间点。您的里程可能会有所不同，例如，根本不支持 CSS 选择器 < IE8。

之前和之后：

传统上，VBA 中 CSS 选择器的表现力如下，就支持它们的库而言：

Selenium 实现了迄今为止最多的 CSS 选择器。

当前状态：

我认为已实现的选择器的当前状态如下（对于图像质量很抱歉，即使您单击放大表格 - 请参阅JSFiddle以获得最清晰的表格视图）：

我也将其作为简化的 HTML 插入包含在内，因此您可以单击超链接。请点击Run code snippet下面的代码插入，然后点击整页链接。抱歉，表格很大，我什至没有涵盖所有可以想到的选择器 - 只有我认为可能经常使用的主要选择器。插入一个花哨的表格让我超出了身体字符的限制，所以我们到了。对于精美的表格，请参阅此JSFiddle - 新支持的表格带有阴影。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>VBA: Valid CSS Selectors 2021-05-30</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>VBA: Valid CSS Selectors 2021-05-30</h1>
    <table>
        <tr>
            <td colspan="2">
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/">Selectors Level 3 Specification</a>
            </td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Pattern</td>
            <td>Represents</td>
            <td>Description</td>
            <td>Level</td>
            <td>Microsoft HTML Object Library (MSHTML)</td>
            <td>Microsoft Internet Explorer Controls (SHDocVw)</td>
            <td>Selenium Type Library (Selenium)</td>
            <td>Remarks</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>*</td>
            <td>any element</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#universal-selector">Universal selector</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E</td>
            <td>an element of type E</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#type-selectors">Type selector</a>
            </td>
            <td>1</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[foo]</td>
            <td>an E element with a "foo" attribute</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[foo="bar"]</td>
            <td>an E element whose "foo" attribute value is exactly equal to "bar"</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[foo~="bar"]</td>
            <td>an E element whose "foo" attribute value is a list of whitespace-separated values, one of which is exactly equal to "bar"</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[foo^="bar"]</td>
            <td>an E element whose "foo" attribute value begins exactly with the string "bar"</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[foo$="bar"]</td>
            <td>an E element whose "foo" attribute value ends exactly with the string "bar"</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[foo*="bar"]</td>
            <td>an E element whose "foo" attribute value contains the substring "bar"</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[foo|="en"]</td>
            <td>an E element whose "foo" attribute has a hyphen-separated list of values beginning (from the left) with "en"</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[attr operator value i]</td>
            <td>value compared case-insensitively (ASCII range).</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>4</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-4/#attribute-case">i identifier</a>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E[attr operator value s]</td>
            <td>value compared case-sensitively (ASCII range).</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#attribute-selectors">Attribute selectors</a>
            </td>
            <td>4</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>x</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-4/#attribute-case">s identifier</a>
            </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:root</td>
            <td>an E element, root of the document</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>HTML node only</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:nth-child(n)</td>
            <td>an E element, the n-th child of its parent</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>nth-child(odd) and (even) as well as nth-child(range) also supported</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:nth-last-child(n)</td>
            <td>an E element, the n-th child of its parent, counting from the last one</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:nth-of-type(n)</td>
            <td>an E element, the n-th sibling of its type</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:nth-last-of-type(n)</td>
            <td>an E element, the n-th sibling of its type, counting from the last one</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:first-child</td>
            <td>an E element, first child of its parent</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:last-child</td>
            <td>an E element, last child of its parent</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:first-of-type</td>
            <td>an E element, first sibling of its type</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:last-of-type</td>
            <td>an E element, last sibling of its type</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:only-child</td>
            <td>an E element, only child of its parent</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:only-of-type</td>
            <td>an E element, only sibling of its type</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:empty</td>
            <td>an E element that has no children (including text nodes)</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#structural-pseudos">Structural pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:link</td>
            <td rowspan="2">an E element being the source anchor of a hyperlink of which the target is not yet visited (:link) or already visited (:visited)</td>
            <td rowspan="2">
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#link">The link pseudo-classes</a>
            </td>
            <td>1</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:visited</td>
            <td>1</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E:not(s)</td>
            <td>an E element that does not match simple selector s</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#negation">Negation pseudo-class</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?*</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E F</td>
            <td>an F element descendant of an E element</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#descendant-combinators">Descendant combinator</a>
            </td>
            <td>1</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E &gt; F</td>
            <td>an F element child of an E element</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#child-combinators">Child combinator</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E + F</td>
            <td>an F element immediately preceded by an E element</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#adjacent-sibling-combinators">Next-sibling combinator</a>
            </td>
            <td>2</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>E ~ F</td>
            <td>an F element preceded by an E element</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/selectors-3/#general-sibling-combinators">Subsequent-sibling combinator</a>
            </td>
            <td>3</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>foo, bar</td>
            <td>foo, bar&nbsp;will match both&nbsp;&lt;foo&gt;&nbsp;and&nbsp;&lt;bar&gt;&nbsp;elements.</td>
            <td>
                <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Selector_list">Selector list</a>
            </td>
            <td>1</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>?</td>
            <td>&nbsp;</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td></td>
            <td>

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